가정과삶의질연구 (Journal of Families and Better Life)

  • 제34권3호
  • /
  • Pages.65-84
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 2765-1932(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2765-2432(eISSN)
가정과삶의질학회 (Korean Home Management Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

부부의 가사노동시간 변화 : 2004년-2014년 생활시간조사자료 분석

Changes in the Time Spent on Housework of Married Couples : Analysis of Korea Time Use Survey from 2004 to 2014

  • Kim, Soyoung (Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Chin, Meejung (Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2016.03.15
  • 심사 : 2016.06.13
  • 발행 : 2016.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study examined the factors that were associated with longitudinal changes for ten years from 2004 to 2014 in time spent on housework by married couples who had a preschooler as their first-born child. It also sought to figure out how much of such temporal changes were attributable to differences in the means on associated factors as well as to differences in the influence or slope of such factors. A total of 9,668 time diaries from the Korean Time Use Survey were used to analyze the influence of couple's weekly work hours, wife's relative income, couple's education and gender role attitudes on the time spent on housework of husbands and wives. Results from descriptive statistics, regression and decomposition analysis were as follows. First, women decreased, while men increased their time doing housework. Second, weekly work hours of husband and wife were related to their time doing housework in every year surveyed. Third, wife's relative earnings and couple's gender role attitudes affected wife's time doing housework more than husbands', whereas couple's education had stronger effects on husbands than wives. However, such influence was apparent on a certain survey year, and then disappeared in another, or became stronger or weaker longitudinally. Fourth, the temporal decrease in wife's housework time and increase in husband's housework time were attributable to social and cultural changes such as reduced working hours, rising female income, higher educational background, and prevalence of egalitarian gender role attitudes. Findings suggest that the trend in spending time on housework is expected to continue, and provide a timely policy implications to facilitate the change.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Baxter, J. (2002). Patterns of change and stability in the gender division of household labor in Australia, 1986-1997. Journal of Sociology, 38(4), 399-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/144078302128756750
  2. Baxter, J., Hewitt, B., & Haynes, M. (2008). Life course transitions and housework: Marriage, parenthood, and time on housework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(2), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00479.x
  3. Berik, G., & Kongar, E. (2013). Time allocation of married mothers and fathers in hard times: the 2007-09 US recession. Feminist Economics, 19(3), 208-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2013.798425
  4. Bianchi, S. M., Milkie, M. A., Sayer, L. C., & Robinson, J. P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces, 79(1), 191-228. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/79.1.191
  5. Bittman, M., England, P., Sayer, L., Folbre, N., & Matheson, G. (2003). When does gender trump money? Bargaining and time in household work. American Journal of Sociology, 109(1), 186-214. https://doi.org/10.1086/378341
  6. Bolzendahl, C. I., & Myers, D. J. (2004). Feminist attitudes and support for gender equality: opinion change in women and men, 1974-1998. Social Forces, 83(2), 759-789. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0005
  7. Brewster, K. L., & Padavic, I. (2000). Change in gender ideology, 1977-1996: The contribution of intercohort change and population turnover. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(2), 477-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00477.x
  8. Brines, J. (1994). Economic dependency, gender and the division of labour at home. American Journal of Sociology, 100(3), 652-688. https://doi.org/10.1086/230577
  9. Bryant, A. N. (2003). Changes in attitudes toward women's roles: Predicting gender-role traditionalism among college students. Sex Roles, 48(3-4), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022451205292
  10. Cha, Y., & Thebaud, S. (2009). Labor markets, breadwinning, and beliefs how economic context shapes men's gender ideology. Gender & Society, 23(2), 215-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243208330448
  11. Cho, S.-K. (1998). Economic crisis, women's work and employment politics. Journal of Korean Women's Studies, 14(2), 5-22.
  12. Choi, M.-Y., Mo, S.-L., & Lee, K.-B. (2015). An analysis of eating out expenditure behavior of urban households by decile group. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 16(11), 7820-7830. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.11.7820
  13. Cohen, P. N. (1998). Replacing housework in the service economy: Gender, class, and race-ethnicity in service spending. Gender and Society, 12(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124398012002006
  14. Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(4), 1208-1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01208.x
  15. Connelly, R., & Kimmel, J. (2009). Spousal influences on parents' non-market time choices. Review of Economics of the Household, 7(4), 361-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-009-9060-y
  16. Coverman, S. (1985). Explaining husbands' participation in domestic labor. Sociological Quarterly, 26(1), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1985.tb00217.x
  17. Craig, L., & Bittman, M. (2008). The incremental time costs of children: An analysis of children's impact on adult time use in Australia. Feminist Economics, 14(2), 59-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700701880999
  18. Craig, L., & Brown, J. E. (2014). Weekend work and leisure time with family and friends: Who misses out? Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(4), 710-727. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12127
  19. Crompton, R., Brockmann, M., & Lyonette, C. (2005). Attitudes, women's employment and the domestic division of labor: A cross-national analysis in two-waves. Work, Employment and Society, 19(2), 213-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017005053168
  20. Davis, S. N., & Greenstein, T. N. (2009). Gender ideology: Components, predictors, and consequences. Annual Review of Sociology, 35(1), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115920
  21. Davis, S. N., & Greenstein, T. N. (2013). Why study housework? Cleaning as a window into power in couples. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 5(2), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12004
  22. Eun, K.-S. (2009). Household division of labor for married men and women in Korea. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 32(3), 145-171.
  23. Evertsson, M. (2014). Gender ideology and the sharing of housework and child care in Sweden. Journal of Family Issues, 35(7), 927-949. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14522239
  24. Fisher, K., Egerton, M., Gershuny, J., & Robinon, J. (2007). Gender convergence in the American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS). Social Indicators Research, 82(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9017-y
  25. Fuwa, M. (2004). Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries. American Sociological Review, 69(6), 751-767. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900601
  26. Fuwa, M., & Cohen, P. N. (2007). Housework and social policy. Social Science Research, 36(2), 512-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.04.005
  27. Geist, C., & Cohen, P. N. (2011). Headed toward equality? Housework change in comparative perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(4), 832-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00850.x
  28. Gimenez-Nadal, J., & Sevilla, A. (2012). Trends in time allocation: A cross-country survey. European Economic Review, 56(6), 1338-1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.02.011
  29. Greenstein, T. N. (1996). Husbands' participation in domestic labor: interactive effects of wives' and husbands' gender ideologies. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(3), 585-595. https://doi.org/10.2307/353719
  30. Greenstein, T. N. (2000). Economic dependence, gender, and the division of labor in the home: A replication and extension. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(2), 322-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00322.x
  31. Gupta, S. (2007). Autonomy, dependence, or display? The relationship between married women's earnings and housework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(2), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00373.x
  32. Gupta, S., & Ash, M. (2008). Whose money, whose time? A non-parametric approach to modelling time spent on housework in the United States. Feminist Economics, 14(1), 93-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700701716664
  33. Heo, S.-Y. (2008). Research on time use for housework of women and men in double income households. Korean Women's Studies, 24(3), 177-210.
  34. Hook, J. L. (2006). Care in context: Men's unpaid work in 20 countries, 1965-2003. American Sociological Review, 71(4), 639-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240607100406
  35. Hook, J. L. (2010). Gender inequality in the welfare state: Sex segregation in housework, 1965-2003. American Journal of Sociology, 115(5), 1480-1523. https://doi.org/10.1086/651384
  36. Hyun, J. E. (2014). The analysis on change of childcare policy and female time allocation. Korean Public Administration Review, 48(1), 207-231.
  37. Ingram, H., Schneider, A. L., & DeLeon, P. (2007). Social construction and policy design. Theories of the Policy Process, 2, 93-126.
  38. Jann, B. (2008). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear regression models. The Stata Journal, 8(4), 453-479.
  39. Ji, M. W., & Cho, M. S. (2014). Substitutability of spousal housework time in dual-earner households: Evidence from exogenous variation in labor market time. The Journal of Women and Economics, 11(1), 1-31.
  40. Johnston, D. D., & Swanson, D. H. (2006). Constructing the "good mother": The experience of mothering ideologies by work status. Sex Roles, 54(7), 509-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9021-3
  41. Kan, M. Y. (2008). Does gender trump money? Housework hours of husbands and wives in Britain. Work, Employment and Society, 22(1), 45-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017007087416
  42. Kan, M. Y., Sullivan, O., & Gershuny, J. (2011). Gender convergence in domestic work: Discerning the effects of interactional and institutional barriers from large-scale data. Sociology, 45(2), 243-251.
  43. Killewald, A., & Gough, M. (2010). Money isn't everything: Wives' earnings and housework time. Social Science Research, 39(6), 987-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.08.005
  44. Kim, S., & Kim, E. (2007). Housework and economic dependency among dual-earner couples in Korea: Economic exchange or gender compensation? Korean Journal of Sociology, 41(2), 147-174.
  45. Kim, S. H. (2015). The change of attitudes to gender role according to type of family policies: Focusing on cash, time and service. Korean Social Policy Review, 22(1), 285-316. https://doi.org/10.17000/kspr.22.1.201503.285
  46. Kim, S.-H. & Hong, K.-Z. (2014). The combined impact of family policies on fertility and female labor force participation in 21 OECD countries. Social Welfare Policy, 41(2), 213-238.
  47. Knusden, K., & Wærness, K. (2008). National context and spouses' housework in 34 countries. European Sociological Review, 24(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcm037
  48. Kroska, A. (2004). Divisions of domestic work: revising and expanding the theoretical explanations. Journal of Family Issues, 25(7), 900-932. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X04267149
  49. Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2011). Analysis of time use of double income paid workers. Family and Environment Research, 49(5), 81-96.
  50. Nordenmark, M. (2004). Does gender ideology explain differences between countries regarding the involvement of women and men in paid and unpaid work? International Journal of Social Welfare, 13(3), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-6866.2004.00317.x
  51. Park, J. S. (2013). Gauging gender equality in terms of household labor division and gender-role perception. Health and Welfare Policy Forum, 199, 28-38.
  52. Sayer, L. C. (2005). Gender, time and inequality: Trends in women's and men's paid work, unpaid work and free time. Social Forces, 84(1), 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0126
  53. Schwartz, C. R., & Mare, R. D. (2005). Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003. Demography, 42(4), 621-646. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036
  54. Shelton, B. A., & John, D. (1996). The division of household labor. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 299-322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.299
  55. Shin, Y.-J., Ki, J. R., Woo, S. J., & Yoon, J. (2014). Analysis on childcare behaviors after the expansion of childcare policies. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
  56. Song, Y,-J. (2011). Changes in parental time spent with children. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 34(2), 45-64.
  57. Stier, H. & Lewin-Epstein, N. (2007). Policy effects on the division of housework. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 9(3), 235-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980701494657
  58. Stickney, L. T., & Konrad, A. M. (2012). Societal institutions and work and family gender-role attitudes. Organization Management Journal, 9(4), 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2012.738528
  59. Song, D.-A. & Jung, S.-Y. (2013). Paradigm shift toward comprehensive family policy. Journal of Critical Social Policy, 39, 145-189.
  60. Sullivan, O. (2010). Changing differences by educational attainments in fathers' domestic labour and child care. Sociology, 44(4), 716-733. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510369351
  61. Sullivan, O., Billari, F. C., & Altintas, E. (2014). Fathers' changing contributions to child care and domestic work in very low-fertility countries: the effect of education. Journal of Family Issues, 35(8), 1048-1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14522241
  62. Thornton, A., & Young-DeMarco, L. (2001). Four decades of trends in attitudes toward family issues in the United States: The 1960s through the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 1009-1037. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01009.x
  63. van der Lippe, T., de Ruijter, J., de Ruijter, E., & Raub, W. (2011). Persistent inequalities in time use between men and women: A detailed look at the influence of economic circumstances, policies, and culture. European Sociological Review, 27(2), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp066
  64. West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
  65. Won, S.-Y. (2014). Changes in gender role stereotypes and their implications for women's policy: Focusing on perceptual differences between 1996 and 2010. Journal of Governmental Studies, 20(3), 141-171. https://doi.org/10.19067/jgs.2014.20.3.141
  66. Zuzanek, J. & Smale, B. J. (1999). Life-cycle and across-the-week allocation of time to daily activities. In W. E. Pentland, A. S. Harvey, M. P. Lawton, & M. A. McColl, (Eds.) Time use research in the social sciences (pp. 127-153). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

피인용 문헌

  1. Gender Division of Childcare and the Social Investment Approach to Welfare State in South Korea vol.39, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.4.129