DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Metallurgical Analysis for Non-ferrous Smelting Slag Collected from Seosan Area

서산 지역 수습 비철제련 슬래그의 금속학적 특성 분석

  • Lee, Hye Jin (Curatorial Affairs Office, Naju National Museum) ;
  • Lee, Hye Youn (Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, So Dam (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Cho, Nam Chul (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University)
  • 이혜진 (국립나주박물관 보존과학실) ;
  • 이혜연 (국립나주문화재연구소) ;
  • 이소담 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 조남철 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2016.05.13
  • Accepted : 2016.06.16
  • Published : 2016.06.20

Abstract

To figure out the material characteristics about slag and raw materials which are founded in iron product sites in Seosan area, we used XRF, EDS to analysis chemical compositions. Also we observe the microstructure by microscope and SEM. To identify the mineral component, XRD analysis was used and to assume the provenance of the raw material, lead isotope ratio analysis was used. From the results, we figure out that slags are non-ferrous created when metal was refined. Also, main tissue of slags were Fayalite, Galena, Magnetite, and raw materials were identified as mineral of Galena, Anglesite, Pyrite etc. From the result about lead isotope ratio analysis, we found out most samples are classified as the Western Gyeonggi massif in South Korea. Especially three of raw materials and slag samples which collected in the Seosan Doseongri was presumed to be the provenance. We figure out that slags we analyzed were made in non-ferrous metal smelting process and especially that were more likely to smelt from Seosan Doseongri. If various slags in this area are analysed by someone, It will contribute understanding non-ferrous metal refining process as well as metal refining which are composed.

서산 지역 야철지에서 수습한 슬래그와 원광석의 재료적 특징을 알아보기 위해 금속현미경, SEM으로 미세조직을 관찰하였으며, XRF, EDS 분석을 이용한 성분분석을 실시하였다. XRD 분석을 통해 광물성분을 동정하였고 납 동위원 소비 분석을 이용하여 원료의 산지를 추정하였다. 성분분석 결과 PbO, ZnO 등의 함량이 높게 검출되어 철 보다는 비철금속을 제련하는 과정에서 생성된 슬래그임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 슬래그의 주요조직은 Fayalite, Galena, Magnetite이며, 원광석은 Galena, Anglesite, Pyrite 등의 광물로 동정되었다. 납 동위원소비 분석 결과, 대부분 한반도 서부 경기지괴에 해당하며, 특히 원광석과 슬래그 중 3점은 한국 서부 경기지괴 중 시료가 수습된 위치인 서산 도성리가 산지로 추정되었다. 즉 이번에 분석한 슬래그는 제철 제련 과정이 아닌 비철금속을 제련할 때 생성된 것이며, 특히 서산 도성리에서 채굴한 원광석을 이용하여 비철금속을 제련했을 가능성이 높다. 향후 이 지역의 다양한 슬래그들을 분석하면 고대로부터 이루어졌던 철 제련뿐만 아니라 비철의 제련과정을 이해하는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bachmann, H.G., 1982, The identification of slags from archaeological sites. Institute of Archaeology, London, 6.
  2. Craddock, P.T., 1995, Early metal mining and production. Edinburgh university press, Edinburgh, 205-233.
  3. Choi, J., 1997, Cheongonggaemul. Juntongmunwhasa, Korea, 304-337.
  4. Cheong, C.S., 2010, A study on the distribution of lead isotope in the Korea peninsula. Korea Basic Science Institute.
  5. Daedongyeo-jido, 1861.
  6. Dungworth, D., 2015, Archaeometallurgy: Guidelines for Best Practice. Historic England, 49-58.
  7. Han, M.S., Han, W.R., Hwang, J.J., Kim, S.J., Kim, S.K. and Lee, E.W., 2013, Extraction Process of Lead and Variations of Physicochemical Properties using the Smelting Experiment of Galena. Journal of Conservation Science, 29(1), 69-79. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2013.29.1.07
  8. Jeong, Y.J., Choeng, C.S, Shin, D., Lee, K.S., Jo, H.J., Gautam, M.K. and Lee, I., 2012, Regional variations in the lead isotopic composition of galena from southern Korea with implications for the discrimination of lead provenance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 61, 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.09.008
  9. Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2014, Result report of the artefact excavated from the iron production site of the Jungwon province.
  10. Korea Resources Corporation, 2015, Korea Mineral Resource Information Service(KOMIS).
  11. Kwon, H.N., 2001, The study on ancient copper smelting : slags excavated from dongchun-dong, kyungju. Master's Thesis, Kookmin University. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Mabuchi, H. and Hirao, Y., 1987, Lead isotope ratios of lead ores in east Asia-in relation to bronze artifacts. Archeaology Journal, 73, 199-245. (in Japanese with English abstract)
  13. Oh, S.J., 2012, Dam-ro of Hansung Baekje period, then iron production and Chiljido in Seosan. The conference materials of the Seosan Local Culture Research, 9-10. (in Korean)
  14. The Annals of King Taejong, 1417.
  15. The Diaries of King Yeonsangun, 1503.
  16. Vojtech, E., Zdenek, J., Jan, Z., Michaela, S. W., Martin, M. and Ondrej, S., 2015, Slag remains from the Na Slupi site (Prague, Czech Republic): evidence for early medieval non-ferrous metal smelting. Journal of Archaeological Science, 53, 72-83. (in Czech with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.10.007
  17. Yoon, D.S., 1986, On the slag produced in early iron metallurgy. The Journal of the National Academy of Science, 25, 380-390. (in Korean with English abstract)