Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Impact of M&As with a Start-up on Shareholder Wealth

상장기업과 스타트업과의 인수합병이 주주의 부(富)에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

  • Cho, Sung-woo (Cyber Security Training & Certification Center, Korea Internet & Security Agency) ;
  • Song, Hyunju (Graduate School of Inha University) ;
  • Jung, Jin-young (College of Business Administration, Inha Universty)
  • Received : 2016.11.05
  • Accepted : 2016.12.25
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

In this study, we investigate the announcement effects of M&As with a start-up as a target firm on shareholder wealth of an acquiring firm. We use M&A events in KOSPI or KOSDAQ market between 2002 and 2014 after the financial crisis. Among the total 1436 mergers and acquisitions that took place domestically during this period, 1383 cases were selected as cases to be studied, excluding 53 cases where acquiring firms were unlisted firms. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, as a result of a comparison between the acquiring firms' CARs of the whole sample group(n=1383) occurred during the (-2, +1), (-5, +2), (-10, +5) periods of M&A announcement date(t=0) and the sub-sample group(n=468) where the target firms are start-ups which were established within five years, the acquiring firms of the whole sample group do not show significat CARs, while the acquiring firms of the sub-sample group show the significantly positive CARs. This suggests that M&A with start-ups have a positive effect on firm value of acquiring firms. Second, when merging unlisted start-ups, the acquiring firms show positive CARs, showing that there exists a listing effect in the merger of start-up. Third, merging the start-ups belonging to the high-tech industry shows the higher CARs than the case of merging the start-ups belonging to the non-high-tech industry. This study has great significance as the first in Korea to investigate the effect of M&A announcement with a start-up.

본 연구에서는 KOSPI, KOSDAQ 상장기업이 인수주체가 되어 스타트업을 피인수 대상으로 인수합병한 경우, 단기적으로 인수기업의 주가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상기간은 외환위기의 영향을 고려하여 외환위기가 발생한 이후인 2002년 1월부터 2014년 12월까지로 정하였다. 이 기간 동안 발생한 국내기업의 인수합병사례 총1436건 중 인수기업이 비상장기업인 경우 53건을 제외하고 1383건을 연구대상 사례로 선정하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 합병공시일 전후 (-2, +1), (-5, +2), (-10, +5)의 기간 동안 발생한 전체표본집단(n=1383)의 인수기업 누적평균 초과수익률(CAR)과 피인수기업이 설립된 지 5년 이내 신생기업(이하 '스타트업'으로 표기)인 부분표본집단(n=468)의 인수기업 누적평균초과수익률을 비교한 결과, 전체 표본집단의 경우 인수기업은 모든 구간에서 유의하지 않은 누적초과수익률을 보인 반면, 스타트업을 합병한 경우에는 모든 구간에서 유의한 양(+)의 누적평균초과수익률을 보였다. 이는 스타트업과의 인수합병이 인수기업의 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 스타트업이 상장기업일 경우에는 모든 구간에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 누적초과수익률을 보이는데 반해, 비상장 스타트업 기업을 합병할 경우에는 모든 구간에서 양(+)의 누적평균초과수익률을 나타내었다. 이는 스타트업 기업의 인수합병 시에도 일반적인 합병에서 나타나는 상장효과(Listing effect)가 존재하고 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 셋째, 하이테크 산업에 속한 스타트업을 합병할 때 비(非)하이테크 산업에 속한 스타트업을 합병하는 것보다 더 높은 초과수익률을 올리는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 스타트업과의 인수합병 공시효과에 대한 국내의 첫번째 연구로서 그 의의가 크다고 할 수 있다.

Keywords

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