Industrial Competitiveness of the Value-Added Exports in the Major Trading Countries

세계산업연관표를 활용한 주요국가의 산업경쟁력 분석

This study evaluates industrial competitiveness of 34 industries in the 41 countries in terms of several trade indices such as value-added RCA(VRCA) and value added intra-industry trade(VIIT). Conclusions are as follows: First, China is still showing week evidence to replace or overtake Korea in terms of VRCA. Second, it is not supportive of the assertion that the gap between Japan and South Korea had widened in the 1995-2011 period. Third, Korea's exports pattern in the manufacturing sector has shifted from the one featured by developing countries(re-exportation of final goods produced using imported intermediate inputs) to that of the developed (exportation of intermediate goods). According to dynamic panel analysis regressing the RCA gap on the IIT gap, intermediate-goods RCA and the market share gap, the estimated coefficient of the gap between value-added IIT and gross IIT is 0.253 and statistically significant at the 2% level. This implies that increases in IIT or intermediate-goods trade to sustain the global competitiveness are the main reasons for the gap between value-added RCA and gross RCA.

41개국 34개 산업의 부가가치수출 RCA를 계산하고 각국 각 산업의 경쟁력을 평가하였다. 중국의 성장속도가 한국보다 빠른 것은 사실이지만 한국의 수출을 대체 또는 추월하고 있다는 증거는 미약하다. 수출 주력산업에서의 일본과의 경쟁력 격차가 확대되고 있다는 주장 또한 설득력이 미흡했다. 전세계 국가-산업의 패널분석의 시사점은, 대 세계 경쟁력을 유지하는 방편으로 산업 내 교역 특히 중간재 교역이 활성화되면서 부가가치 RCA와 총수출 RCA 간에 격차가 발생한다는 것이다.