DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Sustaining Knowledge Contribution Intention of Participants in the Open Source Software Development Communities

오픈소스 개발 커뮤니티 참여자들의 지속적 지식기여 의도에 관한 연구

  • Jin Oh Ju (Dept. of MIS, Dongguk University-Seoul Campus) ;
  • Kyung Tae Hwang (Dept. of MIS, Dongguk University-Seoul Campus)
  • 주진오 (동국대학교-서울캠퍼스 경영정보학과) ;
  • 황경태 (동국대학교-서울캠퍼스 경영정보학과)
  • Received : 2016.07.24
  • Accepted : 2016.09.13
  • Published : 2016.09.30

Abstract

The major characteristic of open source software (OSS) is innovativeness. Innovativeness stems from the process of sharing and solving technical problems. This study analyzes the impact of voluntary participation and collaboration of OSS developers on sustained participation in the community based on organizational citizenship behavior and social capital theories. Based on Bolino et al. (2002) and Wasko and Faraj (2005), a research model and hypotheses are developed. A total of 152 OSS developers participated in the survey. The hypotheses are tested by LISREL modeling. The results of analysis show that royalty, social participation, and advocacy participation enhance or positively influence social capital. In addition, reciprocity and shared vision reinforce intention of sustained knowledge contribution. However, the result shows a statistically insignificant relationship between social participation and shared vision and between cohesiveness and intention of sustained knowledge contribution.

오픈소스 소프트웨어는 그 자체의 혁신성으로 인해 차별화되며, 혁신성의 원천은 기술적인 문제를 공유하여 함께 해결하는 것에서 비롯된다. 본 연구에서는 오픈소스 개발자들의 자발적 참여와 협력이 지속적인 참여에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 이러한 상관관계를 조직시민행동이론과 사회적 자본이론을 결합하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 Bolino et al.(2002)의 조직시민행동과 사회적 자본의 연관성 연구, Wasko and Faraj(2005)의 사회적 자본과 지식기여의 연관성 연구를 토대로 연구모형 및 연구가설을 설정하였다. 오픈소스 개발자 152명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고, 구조방정식을 통하여 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 조직시민행동의 충성, 사회적 참여, 변화주도적 참여가 사회적 자본을 축적하는 것으로 나타났고, 사회적 자본의 상호호혜성과 공유 비전은 지속적 지식기여 의도를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 사회적 참여와 공유 비전, 응집성과 지속적 지식기여 의도 간의 관계는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 과학기술정책연구원, 한국형 오픈소스 소프트웨어 기술개발 전략, 2002. 
  2. 김희웅, 노승의, 이현령, 곽기영, "오픈소스 소프트웨어 도입 시 전환비용이 사용자 저항에 미치는 영향", Information Systems Review, 제11권, 제3호, 2009, pp. 125-146. 
  3. 오픈소스 컨설팅, "엔터프라이즈 오픈소스 도입전략", Slideshare, 2014, Available at http://www.slideshare.net/ienvyou/ss-36178924.
  4. 전자신문, "글로벌 오픈소스 커뮤니티 전력 지원 강화, 손놓은 국내 SW 기업", 2014. 8. 21, Available at http://www.etnews.com/20140820000226. 
  5. 최명길, 최화영, "직원의 정보보안 정책 준수에 대한 중화기술과 조직시민행동의 영향 연구", Information Systems Review, 제17권, 제3호, 2015, pp. 65-76.  https://doi.org/10.14329/isr.2015.17.3.065
  6. 코스콤, "Open Source, 금융IT 혁신을 꿈꾸다", Financial IT Frontier, 제254권, 2014. 
  7. Bagozzi, R. M. and U. M. Dholakia, "Open source software user communities: A study of participation in linux user groups", Management Science, Vol 52, No 7, 2006, pp. 1099-1115.  https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0545
  8. Bergquist, M. and J. Ljungberg, "The power of gift: Organizing social relationships in open source communities", Information Systems Journal, Vol.11, No.4, 2001, pp. 305-320.  https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2575.2001.00111.x
  9. Bolino, M. C., W. H. Turnley, and J. M. Bloodgood, "Citizenship behavior and the creation of social capital in organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol.27, No.4, 2002, pp. 505-522.  https://doi.org/10.2307/4134400
  10. Bourdieu, P., "The forms of capital" in P. Bourdieu., Cultural Theory: An Anthology, Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, 1986, pp. 81-93. 
  11. Budman, S. H., S. Soldz, A. Demby, M. Davis, and J. Merry, "What is cohesiveness? An empirical examination", Small Group Research, Vol.24, No.2, 1993, pp. 199-216.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496493242003
  12. Burt, R. S., Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Havard University Press, 1992. 
  13. Carmines, E. G. and R. A. Zeller, Reliability and validity assessment, Sage Publication, London, 1979. 
  14. Chang, H. H. and S. S. Chuang, "Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing: Participant involvement as a moderator", Information & Management, Vol.48, No.1, 2011, pp. 9-18.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2010.11.001
  15. Chang, Y. P. and D. H. Zhu, "The role of perceived social capital and flow experience in building users' continuance intention to social networking sites in China", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.28, No.3, 2012, pp. 995-1001.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.01.001
  16. Chen, I. Y. L., "The factors influencing members' continuance intentions in professional virtual communities: A longitudinal study", Journal of Information Science, Vol.33, No.4, 2007, pp. 451-467.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506075323
  17. Chesbrough, H. W., Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business Press, 2003. 
  18. Chesbrough, H. W. and M. M. Appleyard, "Open innovation and strategy", California Management Review, Vol.50, No.1, 2007, pp. 57-76.  https://doi.org/10.2307/41166416
  19. Chiu, C. M., M. H. Hsu, T. G. Eric Wang, "Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories", Decision Support Systems, Vol.42, No.3, 2006, pp. 1872-1888.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.001
  20. Choi, J. H., J. H. Choi, H. S. Lee H. Hwangbo, I. S. Lee, and J. W. Kim, "The reinforcing mechanism of sustaining participation in open source software developer: Based on social identify theory and organizational citizenship behavior theory", Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, Vol.23, No.3, 2013, pp. 1-23.  https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2013.23.3.001
  21. Chou, S. W. and M. Y. He, "The factors that affect the performance of open source software development: The perspective of social capital and expertise integration", Information Systems Journal, Vol.21, No.2, 2011, pp. 195-219.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00347.x
  22. Colazo, J. and Y. Fang, "Impact of license choice on open source software development activity", Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol.60, No.5, 2009, pp. 997-1011.  https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21039
  23. Coleman, J. S., "Social capital in the creation of human capital", American Journal of Sociology, Vol.94, 1988, pp. S95-S120.  https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
  24. Dyne, L. V., J. W. Graham, and R. M. Dienesch, "Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.37, No.4, 1994, pp. 765-802.  https://doi.org/10.5465/256600
  25. Fang, Y. and D. Neufeld, "Understanding sustained participation in open source software projects", Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.25, No.4, 2009, pp. 9-50.  https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222250401
  26. Fang, Y. H. and C. M. Chiu, "In justice we trust: Exploring knowledge-sharing continuance intentions in virtual communities of practice", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.26, No.2, 2010, pp. 235-246.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.005
  27. Feldman, D. C., "The development and enforcement of group norms", Academy of Management Review, Vol.9, No.1, 1984, pp. 47-53.  https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4277934
  28. Feller, J. and B. Fitzgerald, "A framework analysis of the open source software development paradigm", Proceeding ICIS '00 Proceedings of the Twenty First International Conference on Information Systems, 2000, pp. 58-69. 
  29. Fornell, C. and D. F. Larcker, "Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.18, No.3, 1981, pp. 382-388.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
  30. Fukuyama, F., Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1995. 
  31. George, D. and Mallery, P., "Frequencies", in D. George and P. Mallery, SPSS for Windows Step by Step: Simple Guide and Reference, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 2003, pp. 20-52. 
  32. Hakansson, H. and I. Snehota, Developing Relationships in Business Networks, Routledge, London, 1995. 
  33. Hashim, K. F. and F. B. Tan, "The mediating role of trust and commitment on members' continuousknowledge sharing intention: A commitment-trust theory perspective", International Journal of Information Management, Vol.35, No.2, 2015, pp. 145-151.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.11.001
  34. Hertel, G., S. Niedner, and S. Herrmann, "Motivation of software developers in open source project: An internet-based survey of contributors to the Linux Kernel", Research Policy, Vol.32, No.7, 2003, pp. 1159-1177.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00047-7
  35. Heylighen, F., "Why is open access development so successful? Stigmergic organization and the economics of information", in B. Luterbeck, M. Barwolff, and R. A Gehring(eds.), Open Source Jahrbuch, Lemanns Media, 2007, pp. 165-180. 
  36. Hogg, M. A., The Social Psychology of Group Cohesion: From Attraction to Social Identity, New York University Press, 1992. 
  37. Ibarra, H., Structural Alignments, Individual Strategies, and Managerial Action: Elements Toward a Network Theory of Getting Things Done, Division of Research Harvard Business School Press, 1992, pp. 165-188. 
  38. Insko, C. and M. Wilson, "Interpersonal attraction as a function of social interaction", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.35, No.12, pp. 903-911. 
  39. International Institute of Infonomics and Berlecon Research, "FLOSS(Free/Libre and Open Source Software: Survey and Study) FINAL REPORT", 2002, Part IV. 
  40. Klincewicz, K., "Innovativeness of open source software", MIT Working Papers 2005, Available at http://opensource.mit.edu/papers/klincewicz.pdf. 
  41. Krackhardt, D., The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations, Havard Business School Press, 1992, pp. 216-239. 
  42. Lakhani, K. and R. Wolf, Does Free Software Mean Free Labor? Characteristics of Participants in Free and Open Source Communities, BCG Survey Report, 2001. 
  43. Lerner, J. and J. Tirole, "Some simple economics of open source", Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol.50, No.2, 2002, pp. 197-234.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00174
  44. Levine, J. M. and R. L. Moreland, "Knowledge transmission in work groups: Helping newcomers to succeed", Shared Cognition in Organization: The Management of Knowledge, 1999, pp. 267-296. 
  45. Lewicki, R. J. and B. B. Bunker, Developing and Maintaining Trust in Work Relationships, Sage Publications, 1996. 
  46. Lin, N. and M. Dumin, "Access to occupations through social ties", Social Networks, Vol.8, No.4, 1986, pp. 365-385.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(86)90003-1
  47. Lindenberg, S., Constitutionalism versus Relationalism: Two Views of Rational Choice Sociology, Falmer Press, London, 1996. 
  48. Ma, M. and R. Agarwal, "Through a glass darkly: Information technology design, identity verifacation, and knowledge contribution in online communities", Information Systems Research, Vol.18, No.1, 2007, pp. 42-67.  https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0113
  49. Marsden, P. V. and J. S. Hurlbert, "Social resources and mobility outcomes: A replication and extension", Social Forces, Vol.66, No.4, 1988, pp. 1038-1059.  https://doi.org/10.2307/2579435
  50. Mullen, B. and C. Copper, "The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: An integration", Psycho-logical Bulletin, Vol.115, No.2, 1994, pp. 210-227.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.210
  51. Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S., "Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage", Academy of Management Review, Vol.23, No.2, 1998, pp. 242-266.  https://doi.org/10.2307/259373
  52. Naqshbandi, M. M. and S. Kaur, "A study of organizational citizenship behaviours, organizational structures and open innovation", International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol.2, No.6, 2011, pp. 182-193. 
  53. North Bridge and BlackDuck, "2014 The Future of Open Source", 2014, Available at http://www.northbridge.com/2014-future-open-source-survey-results-0. 
  54. Organ, D. W., Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington Books, 1988. 
  55. Putnam, R. D., "Bowling alone: America's declining social capital", Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, 1995, pp. 65-78.  https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002
  56. Putnam, R. D., The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life, American Prospect, 1993. 
  57. Raymond, E., "The cathedral and the bazaar", Knowledge, Technology & Policy, Vol.12, No.3, 1999, pp. 23-49.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12130-999-1026-0
  58. Rebeca, M. D. and E. G. Clara, "Returns from social capital in open source software networks", Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol.19, No.2, 2009, pp. 277-295.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-008-0125-5
  59. Shin, H. K., K. K. Kim, and U. K. Lee, "The role of social capital and identity in knowledge contribution in virtual communities: An empirical investigation", Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, Vol.22, No.3, 2012, pp. 53-74.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2011.00369.x
  60. Shumaker, S. and A. Brownell, "Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps", Journal of Social Issues, Vol.40, No.4, 1984, pp. 11-36.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01105.x
  61. Smith, C. A., D. W. Organ, and J. P. Near, "Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 68, No.4, 1983, pp. 653-663.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
  62. Stallman, R., The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement. In Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, 1999. 
  63. Starbuck, W. H., "Learning by knowledge intensive firms", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.29, No.6, 1992, pp. 713-740.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00686.x
  64. Stewart, K. J. and S. Gosain, "The impact of ideology on effectiveness in open source software development teams", MIS Quarterly, Vol.30, No.2, 2006, pp. 291-314.  https://doi.org/10.2307/25148732
  65. Sun, Y., Y. Zhu, X. Peng, and K. Boehnke, "Understanding users' continuance intention in online social networks", IEEE, 2011. 
  66. Tsai, W. and S. Ghoshal, "Social capital and value creation: An empirical study of intrafirm networks", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.41, No.4, 1998, pp. 464-476.  https://doi.org/10.2307/257085
  67. von Hippel, E. and G. von Krogh, "Open source software and the private-collective innovation model: Issues for organization science", Organization Science, Vol.14, No.2, 2003, pp. 209-233.  https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992
  68. von Krogh, G., S. Spaeth, and K. R. Lakhani, "Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: A case study", Research Policy, Vol.32, 2003, pp. 1217-1241.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00050-7
  69. Wang, J. C. and M. J. Chiang, "Social interaction and continuance intention in online auctions: A social capital perspective", Decision Support Systems, Vol.47, No.4, 2009, pp. 466-476.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2009.04.013
  70. Wasko, M. M. and S. Faraj, "Why should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice", MIS Quarterly, Vol.29, No.1, 2005, pp. 35-57.  https://doi.org/10.2307/25148667
  71. West, J. and S. Gallagher, "Challenges of open innovation: The paradox of firm investment in open-source software", R&D Management, Vol.36, No.3, 2006, pp. 319-331.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00436.x
  72. West, J., "How open is open enough?: Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies", Research Policy, Vol.32, No.7, 2003, pp. 1259-1285.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00052-0
  73. Williams, L. J. and S. E. Anderson, "Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors", Journal of Management, Vol.17, No.3, 1991, pp. 601-617.  https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
  74. Yen, H. R., E. Y. Li, and B. P. Niehoff, "Do organizational citizenship behaviors lead to information system success? Testing the mediation effects of integration climate and project management", Information & Management, Vol.45, No.6, 2008, pp. 394-402.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2008.04.004
  75. Yoon, C. H., "The effects of organizational citizenship behaviors on ERP system success", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.25, No.2, 2009, pp. 421-428.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.10.004
  76. Zhang, Y., Y. Fang, K. K. Wei, and H. Chen, "Exploring the role of psychological safety in promoting the intention to continue sharing knowledge in virtual communities", International Journal of Information Management, Vol.30, No.5, 2010, pp. 425-436.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.02.003