Asian review of World Histories

  • 제4권1호
  • /
  • Pages.83-123
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 2287-965X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-9811(eISSN)
아시아세계사학회 (The Asian Association of World Historians)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Digital Maps and Automatic Narratives for the Interactive Global Histories

  • 발행 : 2016.05.07
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

We describe a vision of historical analysis at the world scale, through the digital assembly of historical sources into a cloud-based database, where machine-learning techniques can be used to summarize the database into a time-integrated actor-to-actor complex network. Using this time-integrated network as a template, we then apply the method of automatic narratives to discover key actors ('who'), key events ('what'), key periods ('when'), key locations ('where'), key motives ('why'), and key actions ('how') that can be presented as hypotheses to world historians. We show two test cases on how this method works. To accelerate the pace of knowledge discovery and verification, we describe how historians would interact with these automatic narratives through an online, map-based knowledge aggregator that learns how scholars filter information, and eventually takes over this function to free historians from the more important tasks of verification, and stitching together coherent storylines. Ultimately, multiple coherent storylines that are not necessary compatible with each other can be discovered through human-computer interactions by the map-based knowledge aggregator.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Stephen J. Guy, Sean Curtis, Ming C. Lin, and Dinesh Manocha, “Least-Effort TrajectoriesLead to Emergent Crowd Behaviors,” Physical Review E 85, no. 1, (2012): 016110. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.016110
  2. Gregory J. Chaitin, Algorithmic Information Theory, (Cambridge, MA: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1987).
  3. Philip Warren Anderson, “More is Different,” Science 177, no. 4047 (1972): 393-96. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4047.393
  4. John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, 8th edition, (NewYork: Harper & Brothers, 1882). Available at The Project Gutenburg EBook,https://www.gutenberg.org/files/27942/27942-h/27942-h.html.
  5. George Henry Lewes, Problems of Life and Mind: The Foundations of a Creed, vol.I & II (Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1875). Available athttps://archive.org/details/problemslifeand03lewegoog.
  6. Nicolai Hartmann, New Ways of Ontology, translated by Reinhard C. Kuhn, (Chicago:Henry Regnery Co., 1953). Available athttps://archive.org/details/newwaysofontolog00hart.
  7. Charlie Dunbar Broad, The Mind and its Place in Nature (London: KeganPaul,1925).
  8. Conwy Lloyd Morgan, Emergent Evolution (London: Williams & Norgate, 1923).Available at https://www.brocku.ca/MeadProject/Morgan/Morgan_1923/Morgan02_toc.html.
  9. Samuel Alexander, Space, Time, and Deity, vol. I & II (New York: The HumanitiesPress, 1920). Available at https://archive.org/details/spacetimeanddeit00alexuoft.
  10. Vince Darley, “Emergent Phenomena and Complexity,” Artificial Life 4 (1994):411-16.
  11. Marten Scheffer, Critical Transitions in Nature and Society (Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, 2009).
  12. Alberto-Laszlo Barabasi, Linked: How Everything is Connected to Everything Elseand What it Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life (New York: Plume, 2003).
  13. Mark Newman, Networks: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press,2010).
  14. Alfred Renyi and Paul Erdos, “On Random Graphs,” Publicationes Mathematicae 6,no. 5 (1959): 290-97.
  15. Reka Albert, Hawoong Jeong, and Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, “Error and Attack Toleranceof Complex Networks,” Nature 406, no. 6794 (2000): 378-82. https://doi.org/10.1038/35019019
  16. Jennifer A. Dunne, Richard J. Williams, and Neo D. Martinez, “Food-Web Structureand Network Theory: The Role of Connectance and Size,” Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Science 99, no. 20 (2002): 12917-22. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192407699
  17. Albert-Laszlo Barabasi and Reka Albert, “Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks,”Science 286, no. 5439 (1999): 509-12. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.509
  18. Stanley Milgram, “The Small World Problem,” Psychology Today 2, no. 1 (1967):60-67.
  19. Duncan J. Watts and Steven H. Strogatz, “Collective Dynamics of 'Small-World'Networks,” Nature 393, no. 6684 (1998): 440-42. https://doi.org/10.1038/30918
  20. Agata Fronczak, Piotr Fronczak, and Janusz A. Holyst, “Average Path Length inRandom Networks,” Physical Review E 70, no. 5 (2004): 056110. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.70.056110
  21. Reuven Cohen and Shlomo Havlin, “Scale-Free Networks are Ultrasmall,” PhysicalReview Letters 90, no. 5 (2003): 058701. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.058701
  22. Andrea Lancichinetti, and Santo Fortunato, “Community Detection Algorithms: AComparative Analysis,” Physical Review E 80, no. 5 (2009): 056117. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.80.056117
  23. Duncan S. Callaway, Mark Newman, Steven H. Strogatz, and Duncan J. Watts,“Network Robustness and Fragility: Percolation on Random Graphs,” Physical Review Letters85, no. 25 (2000): 5468. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5468
  24. Petter Holme and Jari Saramaki eds. Temporal Networks, (Berlin Heidelberg:Springer, 2013).
  25. Corina E. Tarnita, Tibor Antal, Hisashi Ohtsuki, and Martin A. Nowak, “EvolutionaryDynamics in Set Structured Populations,” Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences 106, no. 21 (2009): 8601-04. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903019106
  26. Romualdo Pastor-Satorras and Alessandro Vespignani, “Epidemic Spreading InScale-Free Networks,” Physical Review Letters 86, no. 14 (2001: 3200. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3200
  27. Mark Newman, “Assortative Mixing in Networks,” Physical Review Letters 89, no.20 (2002): 208701. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.208701
  28. Han Xin Yang, Zhi-Xi Wu, Changsong Zhou, Tao Zhou, and Bing-Hong Wang,“Effects of Social Diversity on the Emergence of Global Consensus in Opinion Dynamics,”Physical Review E 80, no. 4 (2009): 046108. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.80.046108
  29. Yang-Yu Liu, Jean-Jacques Slotine, and Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, “Controllability ofComplex Networks,” Nature 473, no. 7346 (2011): 167-73. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10011
  30. Rick Quax, Andrea Apolloni, and Peter M. Sloot, “The Diminishing Role of Hubsin Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks,” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10,no. 88 (2013): 20130568. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0568
  31. Erlend Nier, Jing Yang, Tanju Yorulmazer, and Amadeo Alentorn, “Network Modelsand Financial Stability,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31, no. 6 (2007):2033-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2007.01.014
  32. Stefano Battiston, Michelangelo Puliga, Rahul Kaushik, Paolo Tasca, and GuidoCaldarelli, “DebtRank: Too Central to Fail? Financial Networks, the FED and Systemic Risk,”Scientific Reports 2, no. 541 (2012).
  33. Ryota Zamami, Hiroshi Sato, and Akira Namatame, “Least Susceptible Networksto Systemic Risk,” Artificial Economics and Self Organization 669 (2014): 245-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00912-4_19
  34. Seung-Woo Son, Golnoosh Bizhani, Claire Christensen, Peter Grassberger, andMaya Paczuski, “Percolation Theory on Interdependent Networks Based on EpidemicSpreading,” Europhysics Letters 97, no. 1 (2012): 16006. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/97/16006
  35. Ling Feng, Christopher Pineda Monterola, and Yanqing Hu, “The Simplified Self-Consistent Probabilities Method for Percolation and Its Application to Interdependent Networks,”New Journal of Physics 17, no. 6 (2015): 063025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/063025
  36. Jianxi Gao, Sergey V. Buldyrev, Shlomo Havlin, and H. Eugene Stanley, “Robustnessof a Network of Networks,” Physical Review Letters 107, no. 19 (2011): 195701. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.195701
  37. Albert Merono-Penuela, Ashkan Ashkpour, Marieke Van Erp,Kees Mandemakers, Leen Breure, Andrea Scharnhorst, Stefan Schlobach, and Frank VanHarmelen, “Semantic Technologies for Historical Research: A Survey,” Semantic Web 6, no.6 (2014): 539-64 https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-140158
  38. Jiri Novak, Isabel Micheel, Lars Wieneke, Marten Düring, Mark Melenhorst, JavierGarcia Moron, Chiara Pasini, Marco Tagliasacchi, and Piero Fraternali, “HistoGraph--A VisualizationTool for Collaborative Analysis of Networks from Historical Social MultimediaCollections,” in Information Visualisation (IV), 2014 18th International Conference on(2014): 241-50.
  39. Marten During, Lars Wieneke, and Vincenzo Croce, “Interactive Networks for DigitalCultural Heritage Collections-Scoping the Future of HistoGraph,” in Engineering theWeb in the Big Data Era (2015): 613-16.
  40. Iris Hendrickx, Marten During, Kalliopi Zervanou, and Antal Van Den Bosch,“Searching and Finding Strikes in the New York Times,” in Proceedings of the 3rd Workshopon Annotation of Corpora for Research in the Humanities (ACRH-3). The Institute ofInformation and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (2013):25-36.
  41. Kalliopi Zervanou, Marten Düring, Iris Hendrickx, and Antal van den Bosch,“Documenting Social Unrest: Detecting Strikes in Historical Daily Newspapers,” in SocialInformatics (2013): 120-33.
  42. Mike Kestemont, Folgert Karsdorp, and Marten During, “Mining the TwentiethCentury's History from the Time Magazine Corpus”, in Proceedings of the 8th Workshop onLanguage Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities (LaTeCH),(2014): 62-70.
  43. John Law, and John Hassard, Actor Network Theory and After, (Wiley, 1999).
  44. Bruno Latour, Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory,(Oxford University Press, 2007).
  45. Russell L. Ackoff, “From Data to Wisdom,” Journal of Applied Systems Analysis16 (2010): 3-9.
  46. Gene Bellinger, Durval Castro, and Anthony Mills, “Data, Information, Knowledgeand Wisdom,” Available at http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm, 2004.
  47. Jennifer E. Rowley, “The Wisdom Hierarchy: Representations of the DIKW Hierarchy,”Journal of Information Science 33, no. 2 (2007): 163-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506070706
  48. John N. Miksic, “Recent Archaeological Excavations in Singapore: A Comparisonof Three Fourteenth-Century Sites,” Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 20(2000): 56-61.
  49. Chris Dixon, South East Asia in the World-Economy (Cambridge, MA: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1991).
  50. Chee-Beng Tan, Chinese Peranakan Heritage in Malaysia and Singapore (Pakistan:Oxford University Press, 1993).