• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-123
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• 2016

We describe a vision of historical analysis at the world scale, through the digital assembly of historical sources into a cloud-based database, where machine-learning techniques can be used to summarize the database into a time-integrated actor-to-actor complex network. Using this time-integrated network as a template, we then apply the method of automatic narratives to discover key actors ('who'), key events ('what'), key periods ('when'), key locations ('where'), key motives ('why'), and key actions ('how') that can be presented as hypotheses to world historians. We show two test cases on how this method works. To accelerate the pace of knowledge discovery and verification, we describe how historians would interact with these automatic narratives through an online, map-based knowledge aggregator that learns how scholars filter information, and eventually takes over this function to free historians from the more important tasks of verification, and stitching together coherent storylines. Ultimately, multiple coherent storylines that are not necessary compatible with each other can be discovered through human-computer interactions by the map-based knowledge aggregator.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2016

Researches on the mechanism of surging and the surge behaviors in the systems of pumps, or fans or compressors, and the effects of flow-paths had been initiated and had made a great progress in Japan in the decades from the nineteen-forties to the nineteen-sixties. In 1947, the essential cause of the surges, i.e., self-excited oscillation nature of the flow-system, was discovered analytically by Professor Sumiji Fujii of Tokyo University, and most of the characteristic behaviors of the phenomena had been explained clearly. Successive studies by many other Japanese researchers continued to prove experimentally the mechanism, to extend the analytical studies, and to attempt preventing surge occurrence, etc. in the following two decades. The historical information on the early surge studies could be helpful to some concerned people. At the same time, the basic and plain ways of discussions and reasoning about the phenomena in the pioneering researches could give us much to be learned even in the present time of high-power computing systems. Regrettably, many of the original research works have been published only in Japanese. The present review introduces very briefly the situations in memories of the pioneering researchers and engineers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2023

Seoul Boramae Park was opened on May 5, 1986, after the Republic of Korea Air Force Academy relocated to Cheongju City in 1985. This study aims to examine the birth and evolution of Seoul Boramae Park and diagnose the park's value being transformed from the former site of the Air Force Academy. Policy reports and newspaper data were analyzed as a research method, focusing on Seoul public records. The study results are as follows. First, Seoul Boramae Park is a large-scale park created before the policy for parks on relocated sites we enacted. Second, Seoul Boramae Park has historical value as an urban park where memories and traces of the Air Force Academy overlap. Third, Seou Boramae Park contributed to regional change by promoting the public value of parks created on the relocated sites with an urban planning method. Seoul Boramae Park has implications for Korean landscape history as a case of securing large green areas in Seoul and presenting its function and roles as a park created on a relocated site.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-52
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• 2023

The astronomic observatory of Graw Village is located on Mount Dari Lolikan, facing the village. Graw is located in the foothills of Mount Ser-i-Rash, 25 km northeast of Erbil Governorate, Iraq. This study attempts to clarify the foundations of this observatory, its components, as well as the founder and the date of its establishment. The study made efforts to clarify the benefits of this calendar to local residents in their daily lives. The database for this study is based on direct observation of the observatory station. The observation included the recording date and position of sunset and the appearance of stars throughout the year. Observation and documentation for both sunset and stars were performed over several years due to weather conditions since observation was not possible on foggy and rainy days and nights. Each observation took five to ten minutes depending on the clarity of the sky. The observatory consists of a group of stone cones. Each cone was built by stones in a specific location after careful and long observation of the sunset. Efforts were made to observe the disappearance and reappearance of the stars based on the change in the position of the Earth in relation to the sun. Graw's calendar helped to recognize important times of the year, such as the winter and summer forties, which were very important, especially when snow covered the roads, transportation stopped, crops spoiled, and pets stayed in their barn. The most important features of the winter forties are the memories, experiences, and minds of the villagers' ancestors. The forties were associated with the arrival of cold and heavier rain throughout the year, which is consistent with modern science, as the angle at which the Earth rotates increases the number and activity of weather depressions that affect the study area during this period. This observatory has a close connection with the daily life of the villagers, especially in the past centuries. It helped the people of the area in their appointments to carry out their work in the field of agriculture. The observatory was also of great importance in the field of education in the past centuries, especially in traditional religious schools. It also appears from this research that the calendar has ancient roots, which extend back thousands of years, as evidenced by the Ezidis who follow an ancient religion whose roots extend back thousands of years and who fast during both the winter and summer forties annually, with the participation of people in various regions of the world. It is not known who made this astronomic observatory but most of the oral information that has been passed down to us by word of mouth agrees on both Mullah Abdullah Al-Kurdi and Mullah Omar. Likely, this astronomic observatory was built around the late 17^th and early 18^th centuries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Recently, the reenaction of place's memories that were considered sense of place based on its historical and structural characteristic were assumed important topics for recovering and making the park from industrial sites, such as factory, industrial complex, industrial city, labor residential development, landfill, etc., to the public all over the world. This research aimed to conduct some preliminary data for making the park's sense of place highly. So, after conducting the structural forms of sense of place for Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park that were designed and built by considering its place memories actively, park planning and design implications that were considered its sense of place were suggested. The research results those were derived from the structural forms of sense of place for Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park's are the following. First, the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) on Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park were determined that the natural-physical, artificial-physical, and experiential environmental factors' satisfaction of Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park have an effect on forming the Sense of Place. In addition, the sense of place was affected by the willingness to visit. Second, according to its physical environment, the experiential factors, such as plays, exercises and etc., were more important relatively. Therefore, experiential factors should be considered significantly with physical factors to make the sense of place highly. Third, even the places were under similar category, the factors' and valuables' relative importance were changed. As the results of structural equation modeling said, specific valuables' related with each factors would be differentiated due to the places' characteristics. For example, the results were showed that natural-physical factor was more important than artificial-physical factor in Seoul Forest. On the other hand, artificial-physical factor was more important than the natural- physical factor. This research carries some significance for applying a quantitative research method(structural equation modeling) to various place to conduct the sense of place's structural model, for suggesting relative specific methods to make the sense of place, and for being a step forward to substance of sense of place. If further studies conduct focusing on various places to draw the forming models of sense of place that were based this research's analysis methods and results, those researches would contribute to make the urban place meaningful, characteristically and affectionately. Furthermore, those researches would contribute in making a humane and competitiveness city.