Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

  • 제79권2호
  • /
  • Pages.74-84
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 1738-3536(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2005-6184(eISSN)
대한결핵및호흡기학회 (The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Clinicians' Perspectives

  • Ryu, Yon Ju (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine) ;
  • Koh, Won-Jung (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Daley, Charles L. (ivision of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Health)
  • 투고 : 2016.02.17
  • 심사 : 2016.02.26
  • 발행 : 2016.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens that affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The incidence and prevalence of NTM lung disease are increasing worldwide and rapidly becoming a major public health problem. For the diagnosis of NTM lung disease, patients suspected to have NTM lung disease are required to meet all clinical and microbiologic criteria. The development of molecular methods allows the characterization of new species and NTM identification at a subspecies level. Even after the identification of NTM species from respiratory specimens, clinicians should consider the clinical significance of such findings. Besides the limited options, treatment is lengthy and varies by species, and therefore a challenge. Treatment may be complicated by potential toxicity with discouraging outcomes. The decision to start treatment for NTM lung disease is not easy and requires careful individualized analysis of risks and benefits. Clinicians should be alert to those unique aspects of NTM lung disease concerning diagnosis with advanced molecular methods and treatment with limited options. Current recommendations and recent advances for diagnosis and treatment of NTM lung disease are summarized in this article.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kendall BA, Winthrop KL. Update on the epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2013;34:87-94. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1333567
  2. Prevots DR, Marras TK. Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:13-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.10.002
  3. Koh WJ, Chang B, Jeong BH, Jeon K, Kim SY, Lee NY, et al. Increasing recovery of nontuberculous mycobacteria from respiratory specimens over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Tuberc Respir Dis 2013;75:199-204. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2013.75.5.199
  4. Hoefsloot W, van Ingen J, Andrejak C, Angeby K, Bauriaud R, Bemer P, et al. The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTMNET collaborative study. Eur Respir J 2013;42:1604-13. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00149212
  5. Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F, et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:367-416. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST
  6. Marras TK, Prevots DR, Jamieson FB, Winthrop KL; Pulmonary MAC Outcomes Group. Opinions differ by expertise in Mycobacterium avium complex disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11:17-22. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201305-136OC
  7. Marras TK, Prevots DR, Jamieson FB, Winthrop KL; Pulmonary MAC Outcomes Group. Variable agreement among experts regarding Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Respirology 2015;20:348-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12440
  8. Adjemian J, Prevots DR, Gallagher J, Heap K, Gupta R, Griffith D. Lack of adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11:9-16. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201304-085OC
  9. van Ingen J. Microbiological diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.11.005
  10. Kwon YS, Koh WJ. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in Korea. Tuberc Respir Dis 2014;77:1-5. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2014.77.1.1
  11. Koh WJ, Yu CM, Suh GY, Chung MP, Kim H, Kwon OJ, et al. Pulmonary TB and NTM lung disease: comparison of characteristics in patients with AFB smear-positive sputum. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006;10:1001-7.
  12. Kim YK, Hahn S, Uh Y, Im DJ, Lim YL, Choi HK, et al. Comparable characteristics of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacterial cavitary lung diseases. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014;18:725-9. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0871
  13. Jeong YJ, Lee KS, Koh WJ, Han J, Kim TS, Kwon OJ. Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in immunocompetent patients: comparison of thin-section CT and histopathologic findings. Radiology 2004;231:880-6. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2313030833
  14. Yuan MK, Chang CY, Tsai PH, Lee YM, Huang JW, Chang SC. Comparative chest computed tomography findings of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acid fast bacilli smearpositive sputum. BMC Pulm Med 2014;14:65. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-65
  15. Chu HQ, Li B, Zhao L, Huang DD, Zhang ZM, Xu JF, et al. Chest imaging comparison between non-tuberculous and tuberculosis mycobacteria in sputum acid fast bacilli smearpositive patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015;19:2429-39.
  16. Koh WJ, Lee KS, Kwon OJ, Jeong YJ, Kwak SH, Kim TS. Bilateral bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis at thin-section CT: diagnostic implications in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection. Radiology 2005;235:282-8. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2351040371
  17. Lee G, Lee KS, Moon JW, Koh WJ, Jeong BH, Jeong YJ, et al. Nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: natural course on serial computed tomographic scans. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013;10:299-306. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201303-062OC
  18. Kim RD, Greenberg DE, Ehrmantraut ME, Guide SV, Ding L, Shea Y, et al. Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease: prospective study of a distinct preexisting syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:1066-74. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200805-686OC
  19. Kartalija M, Ovrutsky AR, Bryan CL, Pott GB, Fantuzzi G, Thomas J, et al. Patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease exhibit unique body and immune phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;187:197-205. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201206-1035OC
  20. Park IK, Olivier KN. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015;36:217-24. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1546751
  21. Chu H, Zhao L, Xiao H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Gui T, et al. Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with bronchiectasis: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2014;10:661-8.
  22. Hollings NP, Wells AU, Wilson R, Hansell DM. Comparative appearances of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species: a CT study. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2211-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-001-1282-1
  23. Chung MJ, Lee KS, Koh WJ, Lee JH, Kim TS, Kwon OJ, et al. Thin-section CT findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases: comparison between Mycobacterium avium -intracellulare complex and Mycobacterium abscessus infection. J Korean Med Sci 2005;20:777-83. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2005.20.5.777
  24. van Ingen J. Diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2013;34:103-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1333569
  25. Pfyffer GE. Mycobacterium : general characteristics, laboratory detection, and staining procedures. In: Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Carroll KC, Funke G, Landry ML, Richter SS, et al., editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 11th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2015. p. 543-72.
  26. Somoskovi A, Hotaling JE, Fitzgerald M, O'Donnell D, Parsons LM, Salfinger M. Lessons from a proficiency testing event for acid-fast microscopy. Chest 2001;120:250-7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.1.250
  27. Huh HJ, Koh WJ, Song DJ, Ki CS, Lee NY. Evaluation of the Cobas TaqMan MTB test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex according to acid-fast-bacillus smear grades in respiratory specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53:696-8. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02630-14
  28. Guglielmetti L, Mougari F, Lopes A, Raskine L, Cambau E. Human infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria: the infectious diseases and clinical microbiology specialists' point of view. Future Microbiol 2015;10:1467-83. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.15.64
  29. Somoskovi A, Salfinger M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory infections: advances in diagnosis and identification. Clin Lab Med 2014;34:271-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2014.03.001
  30. Macheras E, Roux AL, Ripoll F, Sivadon-Tardy V, Gutierrez C, Gaillard JL, et al. Inaccuracy of single-target sequencing for discriminating species of the Mycobacterium abscessus group. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:2596-600. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00037-09
  31. Frothingham R, Wilson KH. Sequence-based differentiation of strains in the Mycobacterium avium complex. J Bacteriol 1993;175:2818-25. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.10.2818-2825.1993
  32. Ben Salah I, Adekambi T, Raoult D, Drancourt M. rpoB sequence-based identification of Mycobacterium avium complex species. Microbiology 2008;154(Pt 12):3715-23. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2008/020164-0
  33. Zelazny AM, Root JM, Shea YR, Colombo RE, Shamputa IC, Stock F, et al. Cohort study of molecular identification and typing of Mycobacterium abscessus , Mycobacterium massiliense , and Mycobacterium bolletii . J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:1985-95. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01688-08
  34. Macheras E, Roux AL, Bastian S, Leao SC, Palaci M, Sivadon-Tardy V, et al. Multilocus sequence analysis and rpoB sequencing of Mycobacterium abscessus (sensu lato) strains. J Clin Microbiol 2011;49:491-9. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01274-10
  35. Jang MA, Koh WJ, Huh HJ, Kim SY, Jeon K, Ki CS, et al. Distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria by multigene sequence-based typing and clinical significance of isolated strains. J Clin Microbiol 2014;52:1207-12. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03053-13
  36. Koh WJ, Stout JE, Yew WW. Advances in the management of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium abscessus complex. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014;18:1141-8. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0134
  37. Lee MR, Sheng WH, Hung CC, Yu CJ, Lee LN, Hsueh PR. Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2015;21:1638-46.
  38. Cho YJ, Yi H, Chun J, Cho SN, Daley CL, Koh WJ, et al. The genome sequence of ‘Mycobacterium massiliense ' strain CIP 108297 suggests the independent taxonomic status of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex at the subspecies level. PLoS One 2013;8:e81560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081560
  39. Sassi M, Drancourt M. Genome analysis reveals three genomospecies in Mycobacterium abscessus . BMC Genomics 2014;15:359. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-359
  40. Nash KA, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace RJ Jr. A novel gene, erm (41), confers inducible macrolide resistance to clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus but is absent from Mycobacterium chelonae . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:1367-76. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01275-08
  41. Bastian S, Veziris N, Roux AL, Brossier F, Gaillard JL, Jarlier V, et al. Assessment of clarithromycin susceptibility in strains belonging to the Mycobacterium abscessus group by erm(41) and rrl sequencing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:775-81. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00861-10
  42. Brown-Elliott BA, Vasireddy S, Vasireddy R, Iakhiaeva E, Howard ST, Nash K, et al. Utility of sequencing the erm (41) gene in isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus with low and intermediate clarithromycin MICs. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53:1211-5. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02950-14
  43. Choi GE, Shin SJ, Won CJ, Min KN, Oh T, Hahn MY, et al. Macrolide treatment for Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense infection and inducible resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186:917-25. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201111-2005OC
  44. Seng P, Rolain JM, Fournier PE, La Scola B, Drancourt M, Raoult D. MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry applications in clinical microbiology. Future Microbiol 2010;5:1733-54. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.10.127
  45. Buckwalter SP, Olson SL, Connelly BJ, Lucas BC, Rodning AA, Walchak RC, et al. Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of Mycobacterium species, nocardia species, and other aerobic actinomycetes. J Clin Microbiol 2016;54:376-84. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02128-15
  46. Kodana M, Tarumoto N, Kawamura T, Saito T, Ohno H, Maesaki S, et al. Utility of the MALDI-TOF MS method to identify nontuberculous mycobacteria. J Infect Chemother 2016;22:32-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2015.09.006
  47. Mediavilla-Gradolph MC, De Toro-Peinado I, Bermudez- Ruiz MP, Garcia-Martinez Mde L, Ortega-Torres M, Montiel Quezel-Guerraz N, et al. Use of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of nontuberculous Mycobacterium species isolated from clinical specimens. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:854078.
  48. van Ingen J, Kuijper EJ. Drug susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Future Microbiol 2014;9:1095-110. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.14.60
  49. Griffith DE, Brown-Elliott BA, Langsjoen B, Zhang Y, Pan X, Girard W, et al. Clinical and molecular analysis of macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:928-34. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200603-450OC
  50. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae, and other aerobic actinomycetes: approved standard. 2nd ed. CLSI No. M24-A2. Wayne: Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute; 2011.
  51. Czaja CA, Levin AR, Cox CW, Vargas D, Daley CL, Cott GR. Improvement in quality of life after therapy for Mycobacterium abscessus group lung infection: a prospective cohort study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016;13:40-8. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201508-529OC
  52. Egelund EF, Fennelly KP, Peloquin CA. Medications and monitoring in nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.11.001
  53. Wallace RJ Jr, Brown-Elliott BA, McNulty S, Philley JV, Killingley J, Wilson RW, et al. Macrolide/azalide therapy for nodular/bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Chest 2014;146:276-82. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-2538
  54. Jeong BH, Jeon K, Park HY, Kim SY, Lee KS, Huh HJ, et al. Intermittent antibiotic therapy for nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;191:96-103. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201408-1545OC
  55. Koh WJ, Hong G, Kim SY, Jeong BH, Park HY, Jeon K, et al. Treatment of refractory Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease with a moxifloxacin-containing regimen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:2281-5. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02281-12
  56. Jo KW, Kim S, Lee JY, Lee SD, Kim WS, Kim DS, et al. Treatment outcomes of refractory MAC pulmonary disease treated with drugs with unclear efficacy. J Infect Chemother 2014;20:602-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2014.05.010
  57. Olivier KN, Shaw PA, Glaser TS, Bhattacharyya D, Fleshner M, Brewer CC, et al. Inhaled amikacin for treatment of refractory pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11:30-5. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201307-231OC
  58. van Ingen J, Totten SE, Helstrom NK, Heifets LB, Boeree MJ, Daley CL. In vitro synergy between clofazimine and amikacin in treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:6324-7. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01505-12
  59. Ferro BE, Meletiadis J, Wattenberg M, de Jong A, van Soolingen D, Mouton JW, et al. Clofazimine prevents the regrowth of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium type strains exposed to amikacin and clarithromycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015;60:1097-105.
  60. Jarand J, Davis JP, Cowie RL, Field SK, Fisher DA. Long term follow up of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in patients treated with regimens including clofazimine and/or rifampin. Chest 2015 Oct 29 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-0543.
  61. Santin M, Dorca J, Alcaide F, Gonzalez L, Casas S, Lopez M, et al. Long-term relapses after 12-month treatment for Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease. Eur Respir J 2009;33:148-52. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00024008
  62. Shitrit D, Baum GL, Priess R, Lavy A, Shitrit AB, Raz M, et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection in Israel, 1999-2004: clinical features, drug susceptibility, and outcome. Chest 2006;129:771-6. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.129.3.771
  63. Moon SM, Park HY, Jeon K, Kim SY, Chung MJ, Huh HJ, et al. Clinical significance of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates from respiratory specimens. PLoS One 2015;10:e0139621. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139621
  64. Philley JV, Griffith DE. Treatment of slowly growing mycobacteria. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.10.005
  65. Kasperbauer SH, De Groote MA. The treatment of rapidly growing mycobacterial infections. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.10.004
  66. Nie W, Duan H, Huang H, Lu Y, Bi D, Chu N. Species identification of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii using rpoB and hsp65, and susceptibility testing to eight antibiotics. Int J Infect Dis 2014;25:170-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.02.014
  67. Kim SY, Kim CK, Bae IK, Jeong SH, Yim JJ, Jung JY, et al. The drug susceptibility profile and inducible resistance to macrolides of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense in Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;81:107-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.10.007
  68. Lee SH, Yoo HK, Kim SH, Koh WJ, Kim CK, Park YK, et al. The drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium abscessus group strains from Korea. Ann Lab Med 2014;34:31-7. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2014.34.1.31
  69. Maurer FP, Bruderer VL, Ritter C, Castelberg C, Bloemberg GV, Bottger EC. Lack of antimicrobial bactericidal activity in Mycobacterium abscessus . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58:3828-36. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02448-14
  70. Ferro BE, van Ingen J, Wattenberg M, van Soolingen D, Mouton JW. Time-kill kinetics of antibiotics active against rapidly growing mycobacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015;70:811-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku431
  71. Maurer FP, Bruderer VL, Castelberg C, Ritter C, Scherbakov D, Bloemberg GV, et al. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes determine the innate susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics in rapidly growing mycobacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015;70:1412-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku550
  72. Maurer FP, Castelberg C, Quiblier C, Bottger EC, Somoskovi A. Erm (41)-dependent inducible resistance to azithromycin and clarithromycin in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus . J Antimicrob Chemother 2014;69:1559-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku007
  73. Koh WJ, Jeon K, Lee NY, Kim BJ, Kook YH, Lee SH, et al. Clinical significance of differentiation of Mycobacterium massiliense from Mycobacterium abscessus . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:405-10. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201003-0395OC
  74. Kim HS, Lee KS, Koh WJ, Jeon K, Lee EJ, Kang H, et al. Serial CT findings of Mycobacterium massiliense pulmonary disease compared with Mycobacterium abscessus disease after treatment with antibiotic therapy. Radiology 2012;263:260-70. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12111374
  75. Lyu J, Kim BJ, Kim BJ, Song JW, Choi CM, Oh YM, et al. A shorter treatment duration may be sufficient for patients with Mycobacterium massiliense lung disease than with Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease. Respir Med 2014;108:1706-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2014.09.002
  76. Jarand J, Levin A, Zhang L, Huitt G, Mitchell JD, Daley CL. Clinical and microbiologic outcomes in patients receiving treatment for Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:565-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciq237
  77. Mirsaeidi M, Farshidpour M, Ebrahimi G, Aliberti S, Falkinham JO 3rd. Management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the elderly. Eur J Intern Med 2014;25:356-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.03.008
  78. van Ingen J, Egelund EF, Levin A, Totten SE, Boeree MJ, Mouton JW, et al. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186:559-65. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201204-0682OC
  79. van Ingen J, Ferro BE, Hoefsloot W, Boeree MJ, van Soolingen D. Drug treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in HIV-negative patients: the evidence. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013;11:1065-77. https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2013.830413
  80. Westphal JF. Macrolide-induced clinically relevant drug interactions with cytochrome P-450A (CYP) 3A4: an update focused on clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;50:285-95.
  81. Rose SJ, Neville ME, Gupta R, Bermudez LE. Delivery of aerosolized liposomal amikacin as a novel approach for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria in an experimental model of pulmonary infection. PLoS One 2014;9:e108703. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108703
  82. Winthrop KL, Ku JH, Marras TK, Griffith DE, Daley CL, Olivier KN, et al. The tolerability of linezolid in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Eur Respir J 2015;45:1177-9. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00169114
  83. Wallace RJ Jr, Brown-Elliott BA, Crist CJ, Mann L, Wilson RW. Comparison of the in vitro activity of the glycylcycline tigecycline (formerly GAR-936) with those of tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline against isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:3164-7. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.10.3164-3167.2002
  84. Wallace RJ Jr, Dukart G, Brown-Elliott BA, Griffith DE, Scerpella EG, Marshall B. Clinical experience in 52 patients with tigecycline-containing regimens for salvage treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014;69:1945-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku062
  85. Huang CW, Chen JH, Hu ST, Huang WC, Lee YC, Huang CC, et al. Synergistic activities of tigecycline with clarithromycin or amikacin against rapidly growing mycobacteria in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013;41:218-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.10.021
  86. Tang S, Yao L, Hao X, Liu Y, Zeng L, Liu G, et al. Clofazimine for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study in China. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60:1361-7.
  87. Shen GH, Wu BD, Hu ST, Lin CF, Wu KM, Chen JH. High efficacy of clofazimine and its synergistic effect with amikacin against rapidly growing mycobacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;35:400-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.008
  88. Philley JV, Wallace RJ Jr, Benwill JL, Taskar V, Brown-Elliott BA, Thakkar F, et al. Preliminary results of bedaquiline as salvage therapy for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Chest 2015;148:499-506. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-2764
  89. Bjarnsholt T, Hoiby N, Donelli G, Imbert C, Forsberg A. Understanding biofilms: are we there yet? FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2012;65:125-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00984.x
  90. Qvist T, Eickhardt S, Kragh KN, Andersen CB, Iversen M, Hoiby N, et al. Chronic pulmonary disease with Mycobacterium abscessus complex is a biofilm infection. Eur Respir J 2015;46:1823-6. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01102-2015
  91. Fennelly KP, Ojano-Dirain C, Yang Q, Liu L, Lu L, Progulske- Fox A, et al. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium abscessus in a lung cavity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016;193:692-3. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201508-1586IM
  92. Rose SJ, Babrak LM, Bermudez LE. Mycobacterium avium possesses extracellular DNA that contributes to biofilm formation, structural integrity, and tolerance to antibiotics. PLoS One 2015;10:e0128772. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128772
  93. Aung TT, Yam JK, Lin S, Salleh SM, Givskov M, Liu S, et al. Biofilms of pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria targeted by new therapeutic approaches. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015;60:24-35.
  94. Griffith DE, Aksamit TR. Therapy of refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012;25:218-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283511a64
  95. Mitchell JD. Surgical approach to pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:117-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.11.004
  96. Yu JA, Pomerantz M, Bishop A, Weyant MJ, Mitchell JD. Lady Windermere revisited: treatment with thoracoscopic lobectomy/segmentectomy for right middle lobe and lingular bronchiectasis associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40:671-5.
  97. Shiraishi Y, Katsuragi N, Kita H, Hyogotani A, Saito MH, Shimoda K. Adjuvant surgical treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:287-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.03.008
  98. Kang HK, Park HY, Kim D, Jeong BH, Jeon K, Cho JH, et al. Treatment outcomes of adjuvant resectional surgery for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. BMC Infect Dis 2015;15:76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-0823-1
  99. Shiraishi Y. Surgical treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;62:475-80.
  100. Shiraishi Y. Current status of nontuberculous mycobacterial surgery in Japan: analysis of data from the annual survey by the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;64:14-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-015-0594-z

피인용 문헌

  1. Treatment of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease vol.8, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40506-016-0086-4
  2. Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and Resistance Mutations Associated with Macrolide-Resistant Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease vol.60, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01240-16
  3. Successful antibiotic treatment of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus with C-to-T mutation at position 19 in erm (41) gene: case report vol.16, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1554-7
  4. Effect of β-lactamase production and β-lactam instability on MIC testing results for Mycobacterium abscessus vol.72, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx284
  5. When Dicty Met Myco, a (Not So) Romantic Story about One Amoeba and Its Intracellular Pathogen vol.7, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00529
  6. Down-Regulation of Serum High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease vol.80, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2017.80.2.153
  7. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Macrolide-Resistant Mycobacterium massiliense Lung Disease vol.61, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02189-16
  8. Rifabutin Is Active against Mycobacterium abscessus Complex vol.61, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00155-17
  9. Development of a One-Step Multiplex PCR Assay for Differential Detection of Major Mycobacterium Species vol.55, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00549-17
  10. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Acquired Macrolide-Resistant Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease vol.61, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01146-17
  11. Natural course of the nodular bronchiectatic form of Mycobacterium Avium complex lung disease: Long-term radiologic change without treatment vol.12, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185774
  12. Lack of association between rrl and erm (41) mutations and clarithromycin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus complex vol.112, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170080
  13. Evaluation of gene xpert for routine diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis in Nigeria: A prospective cohort study vol.17, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0430-6
  14. Cutaneous Mycobacterial Infections vol.32, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00069-18
  15. Teicoplanin – Tigecycline Combination Shows Synergy Against Mycobacterium abscessus vol.9, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00932
  16. The Role of Antibiotic-Target-Modifying and Antibiotic-Modifying Enzymes in Mycobacterium abscessus Drug Resistance vol.9, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02179
  17. Intermittent Antibiotic Therapy for Recurrent Nodular Bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease vol.62, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01812-17
  18. Tuberculosis vol.48, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.10.005
  19. Evaluation of the Vitek MS v3.0 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Mycobacterium and Nocardia Species vol.56, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00237-18
  20. Amikacin Inhalation as Salvage Therapy for Refractory Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease vol.62, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00011-18
  21. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a clinical update vol.79, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2018.79.8.c118
  22. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB in Moxifloxacin-Resistant Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Clinical Isolates vol.62, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00527-18
  23. In Vitro MIC Values of Rifampin and Ethambutol and Treatment Outcome in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease vol.62, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00491-18
  24. Hospital-based antibiotic use in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex vol.4, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00109-2018
  25. Brazilian consensus on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis vol.45, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-3713/e20190122
  26. Infection Source and Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease vol.82, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2018.0026
  27. Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease vol.82, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2018.0060
  28. Is Cross-reactivity with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria a Systematic Problem in the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay? vol.82, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2018.0075
  29. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis vol.62, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2019.62.1.18
  30. The complexities and challenges of preventing and treating nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases vol.13, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007083
  31. Treatment with a macrolide-containing regimen for Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease vol.148, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2019.01.012
  32. Indole-2-Carboxamides Are Active against Mycobacterium abscessus in a Mouse Model of Acute Infection vol.63, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02245-18
  33. Eugenol and derivatives activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria and other bacteria vol.14, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2018-0333
  34. Genetic Variation/Evolution and Differential Host Responses Resulting from In-Patient Adaptation of Mycobacterium avium vol.87, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00323-18
  35. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Children vol.40, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2018-0131
  36. Novel external quality assurance scheme for drug susceptibility testing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria: a multicentre pilot study vol.74, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz027
  37. Unilateral Lung Involvement of Nodular Bronchiectatic Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Diseases: Proportion and Evolution on Serial CT Studies vol.212, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.18.20589
  38. Role of CT-guided transthoracic biopsy in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection vol.67, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2018-000887
  39. Hydrazone, benzohydrazones and isoniazid-acylhydrazones as potential antituberculosis agents vol.14, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0040
  40. Cyclipostins and Cyclophostin Analogues as Multitarget Inhibitors That Impair Growth of Mycobacterium abscessus vol.5, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00172
  41. Sandwich antibody-based biosensor system for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria vol.40, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2019.1659814
  42. Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Korea: a nationwide population-based study vol.19, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0901-z
  43. A clinical observation of a Mycobacterium avium skin lesion in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis vol.95, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2019-95-6-61-67
  44. Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases vol.152, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_902_20
  45. Occurrence and diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria among suspected and confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis vol.22, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4103/jacm.jacm_13_19
  46. Effect of Coptis chinensis on Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Mycobacterium abscessus vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9754357
  47. Cas12a/Guide RNA-Based Platform for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Major Mycobacterium Species vol.58, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01368-19
  48. Treatment of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex lung disease in the real world: a retrospective big data analysis vol.36, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-019-00687-9
  49. Diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD): modern challenges vol.93, pp.1106, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190768
  50. A survey of clarithromycin monotherapy and long‐term administration of ethambutol for patients with MAC lung disease in Japan: A retrospective cohort study using the database of health insurance vol.29, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.4951
  51. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with suspected tuberculosis and the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium in the extreme south of Brazil vol.46, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20190184
  52. MYCOBACTERIUM ABSCESSUS COMPLEX REPRESENTATIVES IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY: PREVALENCE, PECULIARITIES OF CULTIVATION AND IDENTIFICATION vol.65, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-5-316-320
  53. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management vol.39, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0
  54. Outcomes of HIV-positive patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria positive culture who received anti-tuberculous treatment in Botswana: Implications of using diagnostic algorithms without non-tuberc vol.15, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234646
  55. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria vol.9, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080450
  56. Contact Effect of a Methylobacterium sp . Extract on Biofilm of a Mycobacterium chimaera Strain Isolated from a 3T Heater-Cooler System vol.9, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080474
  57. 16S and 23S rRNA Gene Mutation Independent Multidrug Resistance of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from South Korean Soil vol.8, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081114
  58. Safety and Tolerability of Clofazimine in a Cohort of Children With Odontogenic Mycobacterium abscessus Infection vol.9, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz049
  59. MmpL3 Inhibition: A New Approach to Treat Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections vol.21, pp.17, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176202
  60. Incidence, Clinical Manifestation, Treatment Outcome, and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in HIV Patients in Tehran, Iran vol.30, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v30i1.10
  61. Detection of clinically important non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from pulmonary samples through one-step multiplex PCR assay vol.20, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01952-y
  62. Comparative genome analyses of Mycobacteroides immunogenum reveals two potential novel subspecies vol.6, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000495
  63. Frontline Science: Antibiotic treatment routes Mycobacterium avium to phagolysosomes without triggering proinflammatory cytokine production in human Mϕs vol.109, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/jlb.4hi0420-306r
  64. Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Infants: A Systematic Review vol.12, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.s332434
  65. The key factors contributing to the risk, diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial opportunistic infections vol.75, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0050
  66. Loperamide exerts a direct bactericidal effect against M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. terrae and M. smegmatis vol.72, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13432
  67. Nucleic acid amplification techniques for rapid diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis vol.16, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250470
  68. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria Infections vol.60, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-021-01000-6
  69. Prevalence, Strains, and Drug Susceptibility of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates from Tuberculous Suspects vol.14, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.116750
  70. Non-nuberculous mycobacteria infection treated with intermittently inhaled high-dose nitric oxide vol.14, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243979
  71. 한방치료를 병행하여 항결핵제의 부작용을 관리한 비결핵 항산균증 환자 1례 vol.42, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2021.42.5.1148
  72. Whole Genome Sequencing in the Management of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections vol.9, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112237
  73. Subunit vaccine protects against a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium avium in wild type and immunocompromised mouse models vol.11, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88291-8