IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing

The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers (대한전자공학회)
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Modelling a Stand-Alone Inverter and Comparing the Power Quality of the National Grid with Off-Grid System

  • Algaddafi, Ali (Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University) ;
  • Brown, Neil (Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University) ;
  • Rupert, Gammon (Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University) ;
  • Al-Shahrani, Jubran (Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University)
  • Received : 2016.02.17
  • Accepted : 2016.02.24
  • Published : 2016.02.29
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Abstract

Developments in power electronics have enabled the widespread application of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverters, notably for connecting renewable systems to the grid. This study demonstrates that a high-quality power can be achieved using a stand-alone inverter, whereby the comparison between the power quality of the stand-alone inverter with battery storage (off-grid) and the power quality of the utility network is presented. Multi-loop control techniques for a single phase stand-alone inverter are used. A capacitor current control is used to give active damping and enhance the transient and steady state inverter performance. A capacitor current control is cheaper than the inductor current control, where a small current sensing resistor is used. The output voltage control is used to improve the system performance and also control the output voltage. The inner control loop uses a proportional gain current controller and the outer loop is implemented using internal model control proportional-integral-derivative to ensure stability. The optimal controls are achieved by using the Sisotool tool in MATLAB/Simulink. The outcome of the control scheme of the numerical model of the stand-alone inverter has a smooth and good dynamic performance, but also a strong robustness to load variations. The numerical model of the stand-alone inverter and its power quality are presented, and the power quality is shown to meet the IEEE 519-2014. Furthermore, the power quality of the off-grid system is measured experimentally and compared with the grid power, showing power quality of off-grid system to be better than that of the utility network.

Keywords

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