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Biological Control of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat by Polyacetylenes Derived from Cirsium japonicum Roots

대계근에서 분리한 Polyacetylene계 화합물을 이용한 밀 이삭마름병 방제

  • Kim, Ji-In (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Kihyun (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Ae Ran (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Gyung Ja (Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Park, Hae Woong (Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi an Annex of Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, In Seon (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Cheol (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University)
  • 김지인 (전남대학교 농화학과) ;
  • 김기현 (전남대학교 농화학과) ;
  • 박애란 (전남대학교 농화학과) ;
  • 최경자 (한국화학연구원 친환경신물질연구센터) ;
  • 박해웅 (세계김치연구소 신공정발효연구단) ;
  • 김인선 (전남대학교 농화학과) ;
  • 김진철 (전남대학교 농화학과)
  • Received : 2016.08.12
  • Accepted : 2016.08.22
  • Published : 2016.09.30

Abstract

Chemical fungicides have reduced Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity. However, by the effects of fungicide residues, they can only be used up to 30 days before time of harvest. Therefore, the development of new biofungicides that are applicable until harvest is required. In order to select plant extracts having antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum for the control of FHB, we investigated the inhibitory effects of 225 medicinal plant extracts on spore germination of F. graminearum. Of these plant extracts, the methanol extract of Cirsium japonicum (CJ) roots showed the strongest antifungal activity. Through solvent partitioning, repeated column chromatography, and spore germination bioassay, two chemicals were purified and then their chemical structures were identified as ciryneol C (CC) and 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol (HD-ol) which are polyacetylene substances. Two active compounds effectively inhibited the germination of F. graminearum macroconidia; HD-ol ($IC_{50}$ of $3.17{\mu}g/ml$) showed stronger spore germination inhibitory activity than that of CC ($IC_{50}$ of $28.14{\mu}g/ml$). In addition, the wettable powder type formulation of ethyl acetate extract of CJ roots suppressed the development of FHB in dose-dependent manner, with control values of 78.92% and 31.56% at 250- and 500-fold dilutions, respectively. Combining these findings suggest that the crude extract of CJ roots containing polyacetylene compounds could be used as botanical fungicide for the control of FHB.

이삭마름병은 지금까지 화학살균제에 의해 방제되어 왔지만 잔류농약 문제로 인하여 합성농약의 사용은 곡류 수확 30일 전까지로 그 처리기간이 제한되어 있다. 따라서 수확 직전까지 처리가 가능한 새로운 생물농약의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이삭마름병 방제를 위하여 F. graminearum에 대하여 항균활성을 보이는 식물추출물을 선발하기 위하여 총 85과에속하는 225 한약재시료의 ethanol 추출물을 대상으로 F. graminearum 포자발아 억제효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 높은 억제활성을 가진 대계근을 선발한 후, 용매 분획, 컬럼 크로마토그래피와 생물검정을 거쳐 F. graminearum 포자발아 억제활성을 가진 두 개의 화합물을 분리하였다. 두 물질은 질량분석과 핵자기공명분석을 통하여 ciryneol C와 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol의 polyacetylene계 화합물로 동정되었다. F. graminearum의 포자발아 저해활성을 나타내는 $IC_{50}$은 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol이 $3.17{\mu}g/ml$, ciryneol C는 $28.14{\mu}g/ml$로 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol의 저해활성이 ciryneol C보다 더 높았다. 또한 온실에서의 대계근 EtoAc 추출물 분말수화제의 밀 이삭마름 병방제효과는 250배와 500배희석액처리시각각 78.92%와 31.56%로 유효성분의 농도가 높을수록 방제효과도 높아졌다. 본 연구결과는 polyacetylene계 화합물을 함유하는 대계근의 조추출물이 이삭마름병 방제를 위한 식물유래 천연물 살균제로 사용이 가능하다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

Keywords

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