DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Adolescents' Perception of Parental Overprotection, Goal-Seeking Orientation and Self-Handicapping on their Academic Procrastination

청소년이 지각한 부모의 과보호, 목표추구지향성 및 자기구실 만들기가 학업지연행동에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Ji Seon (Department of Child Development and Education, Myongji University) ;
  • Kim, Jung Min (Department of Child Development and Education, Myongji University)
  • Received : 2016.09.14
  • Accepted : 2016.12.23
  • Published : 2016.12.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation among adolescents' perception of parental overprotection, goal-seeking orientation, self-handicapping and academic procrastination. Questionnaires were administered to 1200 male and female high school students in Gyeonggi Province. A total of 942 questionnaires were statistically analyzed through mean, standard deviation, frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The major results of the study are as follows: First, adolescents' academic procrastination differed by school grades. Second, for the high-performing group, self-handicapping, goal-seeking orientation and parental overprotection were significant predictors of their academic procrastination. For the mid-level performing group, self-handicapping and goal-seeking orientation were significant predictors of their academic procrastination. For the low-performing group, self-handicapping was the only predictor of their academic procrastination. Third, for the high-performing group, self-handicapping meditated the relation between parental overprotection and academic procrastination. Those results provide useful information regarding proactive support or intervention for adolescents' academic procrastination.

Keywords

References

  1. Abd-El-Fattah, S. M., & Fakhroo, H. A. (2012). The relationship among paternal psychological control and adolescents' perfectionism and self-esteem: A partial least squares path analysis. Psychology, 3(5), 428-439. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.35061
  2. Ahn, H. J., & Mo, A. R. (2012). A study on the relationship between the child's perceived mother's overprotection and the child's problematic behaviors by the child's enneagram personality type. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 17(3), 125-148.
  3. Aitken, M. (1982). A personality profile of the college student procrastinator. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
  4. Alexander, E. S., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007). Academic procrastination and the role of hope as a coping strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(7), 1301-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.008
  5. Areepattamannil, S., Freeman, J. G., & Klinger, D. A. (2011). Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and academic achievement among Indian adolescents in Canada and India. Social Psychology of Education, 14(3), 427-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-011-9155-1
  6. Bae, D. S. (2009). The effects of fear on the academic procrastination: Mediation effects of academic motivation. The Korean Psychological Association, 2009(1), 462-463.
  7. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  8. Baugh, E., & Davis, C. (2016). The influence of perceived parenting style and contraceptive self-efficacy on college student contraceptive use. Marriage and Family Review, 52(8), 764-780. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1157558
  9. Beck, B. L., Koons, S. R., & Milgrim, D. L. (2000). Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination:The effects of academic procrastination, self-esteem and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 3-13.
  10. Berger, S., & Freund, A. M. (2015). Fear of failure, disgorganization, and subjective well-being in the context of preparing for an exam. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 71(2), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000074
  11. Beswick, V., Brodsky, J., Kepes, F., Neumann, J., Sanson, A., & Garrigos, M. (1998). Expression, purification, and characterization of sss1p, an essential component of the yeast sec61p protein translocation complex. Protein Expr Purif 13(3), 423-432 https://doi.org/10.1006/prep.1998.0915
  12. Brinthaupt, T. M., & Shin, C. M. (2001). The relationship of academic cramming to flow experience. College Student Journal, 35(3), 457-472.
  13. Burka, J. B., & Yuen, L. M. (2004). Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about it (4th ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press.
  14. Capan, B. E. (2010). Relationship among perfectionism, academic procrastination and life satisfaction of university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1665-1671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.342
  15. Charles, T. T., & Lynn, E. E. (2006). Parental overprotection and interpersonal behavior in generalized social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2005.03.001
  16. Choo, S. Y., & Lim, S. M. (2008). The relationship between parental achievement pressure and high school students' academic achievements: The mediating effects of parental involvement and academic self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of academic procrastination. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 15(7), 347-368.
  17. Chung, E. Y., & Chang, S. S. (2008). The development of an overprotection scale based on teenagers' perception of their mothers. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 20(2), 293-312.
  18. Chyung, Y. J. (2004). Children's perceptions of mothers' psychological control and children's behavior problems: Moderator effects of children's sex and peer acceptance. The Korean Association of Child Studies, 25(6), 205-223.
  19. Deberard, M. S., Spielmans, G. L., & Julka, D. L. (2004). Predictors of academic achievement and retention among college freshmen: A longitudinal study. College Student Journal, 38(1), 21-35.
  20. Dykman, B. M. (1998). Integration cognitive and motivational factors in depression: Initial tests of a goal-orientation approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 139-158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.139
  21. Eerde, W. V. (2003). A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(6), 1401-1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00358-6
  22. Elliot, A. J., & Conroy, D. E. (2005). Beyond the dichotomous model of achievement goals in sport and exercise psychology. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review, 1, 17-25.
  23. Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001). A2 x 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 501-519.
  24. Emmett, R. (2000). The procrastinator's handbook mastering the art of doing it now. NY: Walker & Company.
  25. Ferrari, J. R. (1992). Procrastinator and perfect behavior:An exploratory factor analysis of self presentation, self-awareness, and self-handicapping components. Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(92)90060-H
  26. Ferrari, J. R. (2000). Procrastination and attention: Factor analysis of attention deficit, boredomness, intelligence, self-esteem, and task delay frequencies. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 185-196.
  27. Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J., & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. New York: Plenum Press.
  28. Ferrari, J. R., O'Callaghan, J., & Newbegin, I. (2005). Prevalence of procrastination in the United States, United Kingdom, and Austrailia: Arousal and avoidance delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 1-6.
  29. Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2013). Disguised distress in children and adolescents "flying under the radar":Why psychological problems are underestimated and how schools must respond. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 28(1), 12-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573512468845
  30. Gonzalez, A. L., & Wolers, C. A. (2006). The relation between perceived parenting practices and achievement motivation in mathematics. Journal of Research of Childhood Education, 21(2), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540609594589
  31. Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., & Fries, S. (2013) Exploring reasons and consequences of academic procrastination:An interview study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 841-861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0143-4
  32. Han, Y. S. (2011). The effects of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and fear of failure on procrastination. Korean Journal of Youth Koreans, 18(4), 277-299.
  33. Harrington, N. (2005). It's too difficult! frustration intolerance beliefs and procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 873-883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.018
  34. Hensley, L. C. (2014). Reconsidering active procrastination:Relations to motivation and achievement in college anatomy. Learning and Individual Differences, 36, 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2014.10.012
  35. Heo, J. H. (2006). The effects of parenting style, perfectionism, and traumatic experience on social anxiety. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 593-611.
  36. Hong, Y. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2012). The meditating effects of parental learning involvement and academic self-efficacy of elementary school students between parental academic achievement pressure and academic achievement. The Journal of Child Education, 21(2), 325-342
  37. Hong, Y. R. (2009). Effects of child-rearing attitude and parent-school age communication on self-efficacy of school-age children. Child Health Nursing Research, 15(4), 392-400. https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2009.15.4.392
  38. Howell, A. J., & Buro, K. (2009). Implicit beliefs, achievement goals, and procrastination: A mediational analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 19, 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2008.08.006
  39. Howell, A. J., & Watson, D. C. (2007). Procrastination:Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.017
  40. Huh, H. S., Lim, S. Y., & Kwon, S. M. (2015). The effect of perfectionism and impulsiveness on academic initiation-and completion-procrastination. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(1), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2015.34.1.008
  41. Hwang, H. J., & Choi, Y. (2005). The effects of parents's child-rearing attitudes perceived by their children on self-efficacy and academic achievement. Korean Journal of Social Science, 22(1), 285-304.
  42. Hwang, I. S., & Jang, S. S. (2010). The relationship between perceived parenting styles and academic procrastination mediated by self-efficacy and perfectionism. Journal of Student Guidance and Counseling, 28, 25-43.
  43. Jeon, S. M., & Park, J. H, (2014). The effects of high school students' perfectionism on their academic procrastination: The moderating role of academic self-efficacy. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(8), 589-612.
  44. Jones, E. E., & Rhodewalt, F. (1982). The self-handicapping scale. Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Utah, USA.
  45. Kim, A. R. (2009). The relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and self-handicapping mediated by self-esteem and self-concept clarity. Unpublished master thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  46. Kim, C. S. (2010). Effect of 6-gingerol on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Unpublished master's thesis. Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
  47. Kim, H. J. (2003). The effects of perfectionism, impulsivity, and fear of failure on procrastination. Unpublished master's thesis. Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  48. Kim, H. J., & Lee, Y. H. (2015). The psychological characteristics related with active-passive procrastination behavior. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(2), 71-93.
  49. Kim, J. K. (2008). Effects of implicit belief of intelligence, parental style and goal orientation on self-handicapping. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 22(1), 99-114.
  50. Kim, M. K., Kim, Y. H., & Han, S. Y. (2008). The effects of separation anxiety of mothers and young children, and mothers' overprotection on young children's peer competence. Family and Environment Research, 46(7), 71-84.
  51. Krawchuk, L. L. (2008). Procrastination, self-efficacy calibration, anxiety, and achievement in undergraduate students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
  52. Lay, C. H., Kovacs, A., & Danto, D. (1998). The relation of trait procrastination to the big-five factor conscientiousness:An assessment with primary-junior school children based on self-report scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00005-1
  53. Lay, C. H., & Schouwenburg, H. C. (1993). Trait procrastination, time management, and academic behavior. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8(4), 647-662.
  54. Lee, H. A., & Jo, H. I. (2013). The relation among perfectionism, academic engagement and academic burnout: The mediating effects of motives and goal processes. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 25(3), 575-601.
  55. Lee, H. H., & Jang, H. S. (2015). Quality of the parenting style on college students'psychological well-being:The mediation effect of goal-seeking orientation. The Journal of Educational Research, 13(2), 25-49.
  56. Lee, M. R., & Oh, K. J. (2009). The Influence of perfectionism and academic motivation on academic procrastination. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(2), 363-377. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.2.003
  57. Lee, S. Y. (2006). The effect of parenting attitude and parenting behavior on children's self-efficacy as perceived by children. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 24(2), 61-71.
  58. Lim, S. M., & Park, M. H. (2010). The effects of chronic procrastination. Korean Journal of Social Science, 27(2), 127-146.
  59. Lindsay, J. E., & Scott, W. D. (2006). Dysphoria and self-esteem following an achievement event:Predictive validity of goal orientation and personality style theories of vulnerability. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(6), 769-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-9637-6
  60. Liu, Y., Park, I. S., & Moon, Y. S. (2010). Effects of perception of parental rearing attitude and social support on self-efficacy and stress among school-aged children the comparison of Korean and Chinese children. Child Health Nursing Research, 16(4), 334-343. https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2010.16.4.334
  61. Mahasneh, A. M., Bataineh, O. T., & Al-Zoubi, Z. H. (2016). The relationship between academic procrastination and parenting styles among jordanian undergraduate university students. Open Psychology Journal, 9, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101609010025
  62. Mcgregor, H. A., & Elliot, A. J. (2002). Achievement goals as predictors of achievement-relevant processes prior to task engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(2), 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.2.381
  63. Milgram, N., & Tenne, R. (2000). Personality correlates of decisional and task avoidant procrastination. European Journal of Personality, 14, 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(200003/04)14:2<141::AID-PER369>3.0.CO;2-V
  64. Missildine, W. H. (2006). 몸에 밴 어린 시절 [Your Inner Child of the Past]. (이석규, 이종범 역). 가톨릭 출판사.
  65. Moller, A. C., & Elliot, A. J. (2006). The 2X2 achievement goal framework: An overview of empirical research. New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers.
  66. Moon, Y. S., & Kim, D. H. (2001). Association between the perceived parenting and problem behaviors in Korean male adolescents. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 12(2), 237-244.
  67. Moore, R. (2003). Attendance and performance: How important is it for student to attend class? Journal of College Science Teaching, 32(6), 367-371.
  68. Nam, K. D., & Son, E. J. (2013). The effect of self-regulated learning on academic achievement: The mediating role of procrastination. Korea Institute of Youth Facility & Environment, 11(4), 41-50.
  69. Nelsen, J., & Erwin, C. (2000). Parents who love too much:How good parents can learn to love more wisely and develop children of character. New York, USA:Prima publishing.
  70. Niditch, L. A., & Varela, R. E. (2012). Perceptions of parenting emotional self-efficacy, and anxiety in youth: Test of a mediational model. Child and Youth Care Forum, 41(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-011-9150-x
  71. Nien, C. L., & Duda, J. L. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of approach and avoidance achievement goals: A test of gender invariance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 352-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.05.002
  72. Noh, J. H., & Song, H. J. (2007). The relationship between children's perception of parental conflict, parenting attitudes and social anxiety. Journal of Psychotherapy, 7(2), 75-89.
  73. Ntoumanis, N., Talor, I. M., & Standage, M. (2010). Testing a model of antecedents and consequences of defensive pessimism and self-handicapping in school physical education. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(14), 1515-1525. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.511650
  74. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2000). Academic procrastinators and perfectionistic tendencies among graduate students. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15(5), 103-109.
  75. Park, S. H., & Seo, E. H. (2005). Women college students' academic procrastination. Korean Journal of Educational Research, 43(2), 115-134.
  76. Park, W. S., & Kim, M. S. (2009). The relationship among perceived parenting attitudes, self-efficacy and career maturity of middle school students. The Journal of Career Education Research, 22(4), 85-108.
  77. Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in education:Theory, research, and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person education Inc.
  78. Pychyl, T. A., Coplan, R. J., & Reid, P. A. (2002). Parenting and procrastination: Gender differences in the relations between procrastination, parenting style and self-worth in early adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(2), 271-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00151-9
  79. Rabin, L. A., Fogel, J., & Nutter-Upham, K. E. (2011). Academic procrastination in college students: The role of self-reported executive function. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(3), 344-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2010.518597
  80. Reilly, E. E., Stey, P., & Lapsley, D. K. (2016). A new look at the links between perceived parenting, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and disordered eating. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 17-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.038
  81. Schraw, G., Wadkins, T., & Olafson, L. (2007). Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.12
  82. Seo, E. H. (2006). A study for the development of a treatment program for overcoming academic procrastination of college students. Unpublished master's thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  83. Sharms, M., & Kaur, G. (2011). Gender differences in procrastination and academic stress among adolescents. Indian of Social Science Researches, 8(1-2), 122-127.
  84. Shim, S. S., & Finch, H. (2014). Academic and social achievement goals and early adolescents' adjustment:A latent class approach. Learning and Individual Differences, 30, 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.10.015
  85. Shin, E. J., & Goh, J. K. (2011). The relations between active-passive procrastination behavior and self-regulated learning strategies. Journal of Educational Studies, 42(2), 25-47.
  86. Shih, S. S. (2011). Perfectionism, implicit theories of intelligence, and Taiwanese eight-grade students' academic engagement. The Journal of Educational Research, 104(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670903570368
  87. Silk, J. S., Morris, A. S., Knanya, T., & Steinberg, L. (2003). Psychological control and autonomy granting:Opposite ends of a continuum or distinct constructs. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(1), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.1301004
  88. Sirois, F. M., & Stout, D. (2011). When knowing better doesn't mean doing better: Understanding the roles of procrastination and self-blame in the health and well-being of nurses. 7th Biennial Conference on Procrastination, Amsterdam, The Netherelands.
  89. Smith, M., Duda, J., Allen, J., & Hall, H. (2002). Contemporary measures of approach and avoidance goal orientations: Similarities and differences. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 155-190. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709902158838
  90. So, S. S., Song, M. K., & Kim, C. S. (2010). The effects of perceived parenting behavior and school adjustment on the depression of early adolescent. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 17(3), 1-23.
  91. So, Y. H. (2008). A path analysis on the relationship of perceived social support, academic self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and academic achievement by a school grade. The Journal of Child Education, 17(2), 49-64.
  92. Spada, M. M., Hiou, K., & Nikcevic, A. V. (2006). Metacognitions, emotions and procrastination. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20, 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1891/jcop.20.3.319
  93. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
  94. Stober, J., & Joormann, J. (2001). Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 25(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026474715384
  95. Suh, K. H., You, J. M., & An, K. M. (2008). Predictors of social anxiety among elementary school students:Focus on of behavioral inhibition, parental attitude, and self-efficacy. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 27(3), 675-693.
  96. Synn, M. H., Park, S. H., & Seo, E. H. (2005). Women college students' time management and procrastination on college grades. Korean Journal of Educational Research, 43(3), 211-230.
  97. Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8(6), 454-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x
  98. Urdan, T., & Midgley, C. (2001). Academic self-handicapping:What we know what more there is to learn. Educational Psychology Review, 13(2), 115-138. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009061303214
  99. Wesley, J. (1994). Effects of ability, high school achievement, and procrastinatory behavior on college performance. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 54(2), 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164494054002014
  100. Wolters, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.179
  101. Wolters, C. A. (2004). Advancing achievement goal theory: Using goal structures and goal orientation to predict students' motivation, cognition, and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 236-250. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.236
  102. Yahav, R. (2007). The relationship between children's and adolescent's perceptions of parenting style and internal and external symptoms. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(4), 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00708.x
  103. Yoo, M. S., Ha, E. H., & Kim, H. J. (2004). Developmental analysis of perfectionism in parents' attitude, family cohesion & adaptability, attachment styles. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 11(3), 425-444.
  104. Yoon, M. S., & Hong, C. Y. (2006). Relationships among parental involvement in education, subject-specific interests, and academic achievement. The Korea Journal of Education Methodology Studies, 18(2), 139-155.
  105. Zakeri, H., Esfahani, B. N., & Razmjoee, M. (2013). Parenting styles and academic procrastination. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 57-60.