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Survey of Pesticide Use in Leaf and Fruit Vegetables, Fruits, and Rice Cultivation Areas in Korea

우리나라 엽채소류, 과채류, 과수류 및 벼 재배 지역에서의 농약 사용실태 조사

  • Ha, Huen-Young (Agromaterial Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Park, Sung-Eun (Agromaterial Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • You, Are-Sun (Agromaterial Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Gil, Geun-Hwan (Agromaterial Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Park, Jae-Eup (Agromaterial Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, In-Yong (Crop protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Park, Kee-Woong (Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Ihm, Yang-Bin (Agromaterial Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA)
  • 하헌영 (국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 박성은 (국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 유아선 (국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 길근환 (국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 박재읍 (국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 이인용 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 박기웅 (충남대학교 식물자원학과) ;
  • 임양빈 (국립농업과학원 농자재평가과)
  • Received : 2016.11.14
  • Accepted : 2016.12.12
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

In order to investigate actual pesticide usage, this survey was carried out with farmers growing four crop groups, leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, fruits, and rice from 2012 to 2015. Five hundred sixty farmers were selected in main crop production areas and were asked about their pesticide uses during the growing season. Investigations on pesticide damages to crop in recent 5 years showed that fruit vegetables had the highest proportion of damage at 14%, followed by rice at 11%, orchards at 11%, and leaf vegetables at 8%. Compared to the results of a pilot study which took place from 2009 to 2011, fruit vegetable damage increased by 4% while damage to rice and orchards decreased by 7-9%. This means continuous education on mixed spraying, usage methods, and precaution is required. In the survey on the safety guidelines for pesticide use, 6 items were well observed (89.0-95.0%), but one item for use of protective gear had the lowest observance (81.7%). A measure for protective gear for poisoning prevention is required. The survey of pesticide usage per area ($kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$) showed that 1.65, 4.93, 10.98, and $3.16kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$ of pesticides were applied to leaf vegetables (6 species), fruit vegetables (6 species), fruits (6 species), and rice, respectively, which decreased from the usage reported in the pilot study. This change was likely caused by more effective pesticides and fewer pest outbreaks; therefore, shipments of pesticides have been decreasing. In the case of paddy rice herbicides, 43 products, including butachlor, were used for $1.3kg\;ha^{-1}$. Herbicides represent 44% of pesticides used in paddy rice.

농약의 오남용을 방지하고 안전한 농산물을 생산하기 위한 일환으로 농약 등록 후에 농가에서 사용되는 농약 사용실태 및 작물별 단위면적당 농약사용량을 조사하였다(2012-2015). 약해피해에 대한 조사에서는 과채류가 14%로 가장 높았고, 벼, 과수류, 엽채소류는 각각 11%, 11%, 8%순으로 나타났다. 농약안전사용 수칙 준수 여부에 관한 7개 항목 중 농약사용량 준수 등 6개 항목은 대부분 잘 지키고 있었으나, 보호구 착용의 비율은 상대적으로 낮았다. 단위면적당 농약사용량($kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$)조사결과는 엽채소류 6종(1.65), 과채류 6종(4.93), 과수류 6종(10.98), 벼(3.16) 순이었으며, 선행 조사 보다 사용량은 대체로 감소하는 경향이었다. 이는 성분함량이 높은 농약보다 고 효율화된 농약개발과 함께 사용량도 감소하고 있기 때문이라고 판단된다. 수도용 제초제는 Butachlor 등 43종의 농약 성분이 사용되었으며 단위면적당 1.3 kg이 사용되었는데, 벼에 사용된 농약 중 제초제는 44%에 달하였다. 설포닐우레아(SU)계통 농약 사용은 9종으로서 2015년 단위면적당 사용량($kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$)은 2015년 조사시점에는 2011년 11월에 새롭게 등록된 Metazosulfuron 0.0113을 포함하여 0.0407로 2007년보다는 20% 낮고 2011에 비해서는 31% 높은 증가율을 보였으며, 살균제 및 살충제의 사용량 감소와는 달리 제초제 사용량은 현재와 같이 지속될 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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