References
- Anantasook, N., M. Wanapat, A. Cherdthong, and P. Gunun. 2014. Effect of tannins and saponins in Samaneasaman on rumen environment, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Physiol Anim. Nutr. 99:335-344.
- Benchaar, C., T. A. McAllister, and P. Y Chouinard. 2008. Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde, quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts. J. Dairy Sci. 91:4765-4777. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1338
- Budan, A., D. Bellenot, I. Freuze, L. Gillmann, P. Chicoteau, P. Richomme, and D. Guilet. 2014. Potential of extracts from Saponaria officinalis and Calendula officinalis to modulate in vitro rumen fermentation with respect to their content in saponins. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 78:288-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2014.882742
- Christophersen, C. T. 2007. Grain and Artificial Stimulation of the Rumen Change the Abundance and Diversity of Methanogens and Their Association with Ciliates. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Cone, J. W. and P. M. Becker. 2012. Fermentation kinetics and production of volatile fatty acids and microbial protein by starchy feedstuffs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 172:34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.006
- Denman, S. E. and C. S. McSweeney. 2006. Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 58:572-582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00190.x
- Dijkstra, J., E. Kebreab, A. Bannink, J. France, and S. Lopez. 2005. Application of the gas production technique to feed evaluation systems for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 123:561-578.
- Goel, G., H. P. Makkar, and K. Becker. 2008. Changes in microbial community structure, methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in response to saponin-rich fractions from different plant materials. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105:770-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03818.x
- Guo, Y. Q., J. X. Liu, Y. Lu, W. Y. Zhu, S. E. Denman, and C. S. McSweeney. 2008. Effect of tea saponin on methanogenesis, microbial community structure and expression of mcrA gene, in cultures of rumen micro-organisms. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 47:421-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02459.x
- Ha, J. K., S. S. Lee, M. Goto, Y. H. Moon, and K. J. Cheng. 2002. Influence of Tween 80 on the enzyme distribution in rumen liquor and on the growth of rumen bacteria and fungi. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 21:129-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2002.9706366
- Hino, T. and J. B. Russell. 1985. Effect of reducing-equivalent disposal and NADH/NAD on deamination of amino acids by intact rumen microorganisms and their cell extracts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1368-1374.
- Hulme, M. A. and D. W.Strank. 1970. Induction and the regulation of production of cellulase by fungi. Nature 226:469-470. https://doi.org/10.1038/226469a0
- Jayanegara, A., E. Wina, and J. Takahashi. 2014. Meta-analysis on methane mitigating properties of saponin-rich sources in the rumen: Influence of addition levels and plant sources. Asian Australas J. Anim. Sci. 27:1426-1435. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.14086
- Malik, P. and K. K. Singhal. 2008. Saponin content of lucerne fodder and its effect on rumen fermentation and microbial population in crossbred bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 78:298-301.
- Patra, A. K. and J. Saxena. 2009. The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr. Res. Rev. 22:204-219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422409990163
- Patra, A. K., J. Stiverson, and Z. Yu. 2012. Effects of quillaja and yucca saponins on communities and select populations of rumen bacteria and archaea, and fermentation in vitro. J. Appl. Microbiol. 113:1329-1340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05440.x
- Patra, A. K. and Z. Yu. 2013. Effective reduction of enteric methane production by a combination of nitrate and saponin without adverse effect on feed degradability, fermentation, or bacterial and archaeal communities of the rumen. Bioresour. Technol. 148:352-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.140
- Rodriguez, R. and M. Fondevila. 2012. Effect of saponins from Enterolobium cyclocarpum on in vitro microbial fermentation of the tropical grass Pennisetum purpureum. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 96:762-769. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01161.x
- Reese, E. T. and A. Maguire. 1969. Surfactants as stimulants of enzyme production by microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 17:242-245.
- Salter, D. N., K. Daneshvar, and R. H. Smith. 1979. The origin of nitrogen incorporated into compounds in the rumen bacteria of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Br. J. Nutr. 41: 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19790026
- Santoso, B., A. Kilmaskossu, and P. Sambodo. 2007. Effects of saponin from Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen utilization in goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 137:58-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.10.005
- Sarnthein-Graf, C. and C. La Mesa. 2004. Association of saponins in water and water-gelatine mixtures. Thermochim. Acta 418: 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2003.11.044
- Sherrod, P. H. 1991. NLREG, nonlinear regression analysis program. Brentwood, TN, USA.
- Sylvester, J. T., S. K. R. Karnati, Z. T. Yu, M. Morrison, and J. L. Firkins. 2004. Development of an assay to quantify rumen ciliate protozoal biomass in cows using real-time PCR. J. Nutr. 134:3378-3384. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.12.3378
- Tang, S. X., Y. Zou, M. Wang, A. Z. M. Salem, N. E. Odongo, C. S. Zhou, X. F. Han, Z. L. Tan, M. Zhang, Y. F. Fu, S. Q. Huang, Z. X. He, and J. H. Kang. 2013. Effects of exogenous cellulase source on in vitro fermentation characteristics and methane production of crop straws and grasses. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 13:489-505.
- Tan, S. P., Q. V. Vuong, C. E. Stathopoulos, S. E. Parks, and P. D. Roach. 2014. Optimized aqueous extraction of saponins from bitter melon for production of a saponin-enriched bitter melon powder. J. Food Sci. 79:1372-1381. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12514
- Wang, C. J., S. P. Wang, and H. Zhou. 2009. Influences of flavomycin, ropadiar, and saponin on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane emission from sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 148:157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.03.008
- Wang, J. K., J. A. Ye, and J. X. Liu. 2012. Effects of tea saponins on rumen microbiota, rumen fermentation, methane production and growth performance-A review. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44:697-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9960-8
- Wang, M., X. Z. Sun, S. X. Tang, Z. L. Tan, and D. Pacheco. 2013. Deriving fractional rate of degradation of logistic-exponential (LE) model to evaluate early in vitro fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 7:920-929.
- Wang, M., S. X. Tang, and Z. L. Tan. 2011. Modeling in vitro gas production kinetics: Derivation of Logistic-Exponential (LE) equations and comparison of models. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 165:137-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.09.016
- Weatherburn, M. W. 1967. Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal. Chem. 39:971-974. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60252a045
- Wilkinson, J. M. 2003. World silage: A survey of forage conservation around the world. Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln, UK. 204 p.
- Wina, E., S. Muetzel, and K. Becker. 2005. The impact of saponins or saponin-containing plant materials on ruminant production-A review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:8093-8105. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048053d
- Wina, E., S. Muetzel, and K. Becker. 2006. The dynamics of major fibrolytic microbes and enzyme activity in the rumen in response to short- and long-term feeding of Sapindus rarak saponins. J. Appl. Microbiol. 100:114-122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02746.x
- Zeng, B., Z. L. Tan, J. Y. Zeng, S. X. Tang, C. Y. Tan, C. S. Zhou, X. F. Han, and R. Z. Zhong. 2012. Effects of dietary non-ionic surfactant and forage to concentrate ratio on bacterial population and fatty acid composition of rumen bacteria and plasma of goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 173:167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.01.009
Cited by
- Medicinally active principles analysis of Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC. growing in the United Arab Emirates vol.10, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2388-0
- Effects of feeding ground pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum Jacq. Griseb on dry matter intake, rumen fermentation, and enteric methane production by Pelibuey sheep fed tropical grass vol.49, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1275-y
- Momordica charantia: a popular health-promoting vegetable with multifunctionality vol.8, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO01812B
- Astragalus root extract improved average daily gain, immunity, antioxidant status and ruminal microbiota of early weaned yak calves vol.101, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10617
- Alfalfa Silage Treated With Sucrose Has an Improved Feed Quality and More Beneficial Bacterial Communities vol.12, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.670165