References
- Ahn KS, Noh EJ, Zhao HL, Jung SH, Kang SS and Kim YS. (2005). Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase II by Platycodon grandiflorum saponins via suppression of nuclear factor-kB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Life Sciences. 76:2315-2328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.042
-
Choi CY, Kim JY, Kim YS, Chung YC, Seo JK and Jeong HG. (2001). Aqueous extract isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum elicits the release of nitric oxide and tumor ecrosis factor-
${\alpha}$ from murine macrophages. International Immunopharmacology. 1:1141-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00047-9 - Han EH, Son YW, Kim MB, Shin YW, Cho YS and Lee SW. (2014). Establishment of tissue culture and acclimation of white balloon flower(Platycodon grandiflorum DC. cv. Jangback) for the raising of in vitro propagated seedlings. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 41:134-139. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2014.41.3.134
- Jo IH, Bang KH, Kim YC, Kim JU, Shin MR, Moon JY, Noh BS, Hyun DY, Kim DH, Cha SW and Kim HS. (2013). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence and molecular marker development for identification of Panax species. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 21:91-96. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.2.91
- Kim JH, Seo JW, Byeon JH, Ahn YS, Cha SW and Cho JH. (2014). Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of Polygonatum species based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Korean of Journal Medicinal Crop Science. 22:489-496. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.6.489
- Korea Seed and Variety Service(KSVS). (2000). Variety characteristics of test guideline. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Gimcheon, Korea. p.1-15.
- Lee GA, Song JY, Sung JS, Choi YM, Lee JR, Lee SY, Kim CY, Kim YG and Lee MC. (2012). Analysis of population structure and genetic diversity in balloon flower Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.) A. DC. germplasm using simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 15:281-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-012-0067-1
- Lee HY, Kang RH, Kim YS, Chung SI and Yoon YS. (2010). Platycodin D inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3 L1 cells by modulating kruppel like factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. Phytotherapy Research. 24:S161-S167. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3054
- Li J, Schulz B and Stich B. (2010). Population structure and genetic diversity in elite sugar beet germplasm investigated with SSR markers. Euphytica. 175:35-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0161-8
- Mabberley DJ. (1987). The plant-book: A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. p.461.
- Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA). (2014). Production performance of industrial crops. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Sejong, Korea. p.28.
- Moon BC, Kim WJ, Ji Y, Lee YM and Kim HK. (2013). Genetic diversity of Curcuma genus collected germplasm using analysis of AFLP. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 21:455-460. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.6.455
- Murashige T and Skoog F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum. 15:473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
- Park CG, Bang KH, Kim OT, Jin DC, Kim DH, Sung JS, Seong NS, Park HW and Lee SC. (2007). Development of SCAR marker for discriminating between violet flowered lines and white flowered lines in Chinese bellflower(Platycodon grandiflorum A.). Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 15:1-5.
- Saxena B, Kaur R and Bhardwaj SV. (2011). Assessment of genetic diversity in cabbage cultivars using RAPD and SSR markers. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 14:191-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-011-0018-2
- Sirithunya P and Ukoskit K. (2010). Population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm as investigated by 5'-anchored simple sequence repeat primers. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 13:147-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-010-0065-0
- Song JY, Lee GA, Yoon MS, Ma KH, Choi YM, Lee JR, Park HJ and Lee MC. (2012). Development and characterization of 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the balloon flower Platycodon grandiflorum(Campanulaceae). Genetics and Molecular Research. 11:3263-3266. https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.September.12.9
- Vigouroux Y, Mitchell S, Matsuoka Y, Hamblin M, Kresovich S, Smith JSC, Jaqueth J, Smith OS and Doebley J. (2005). An analysis of genetic diversity across the maize genome using microsatellites. Genetics. 169:1617-1630. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.032086
-
Wang C, Levis GBS, Lee EB, Levis WR, Lee DW, Kim BS, Park SY and Park E. (2004). Platycodin D and D3 isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum modulate the production of nitric oxide and secretion of TNF-
${\alpha}$ in activated RAW 264.7 cells. International immunopharmacology. 4:1039-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.04.005 - Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Raafalski JA and Tingey SV. (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research. 18:6531-6535. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.22.6531
- Zhao HL, Cho KH, Ha YW, Jeong TS, Lee WS and Kim YS. (2006). Cholesterol-lowing effect of platycodin D in hyper cholesterol emic ICR mice. European Journal of Pharmacology. 537:166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.032