Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Increase in Anti-Oxidant Components and Reduction of Off-Flavors on Radish Leaf Extracts by Extrusion Process

압출성형 무청 분말 추출물의 항산화 물질 함량 증가 및 이취 감소

  • Sung, Nak-Yun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Park, Woo-Young (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Yi-Eun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Cho, Eun-Ji (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Song, Hayeon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jun, Hyeong-Kwang (Hanbit Food) ;
  • Park, Jae-Nam (Department of Food and Nutrition, Songwon University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Hwan (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Ryu, Gi-Hyung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Byun, Eui-Hong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2016.08.16
  • Accepted : 2016.09.27
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

Aerial parts (leaves and stems) of radish are usually discarded due to the distinct undesirable flavors associated with inappropriate preparations, despite their many health benefits. In this study, we examined the role of extrusion process in the removal of off-flavors and elevation of antioxidant activity in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and stems. To optimize the extrusion conditions, we changed the barrel temperature (110, 120, and $130^{\circ}C$), screw speed (150, 200, 250, and 300 rpm), and moisture content (20, 25, and 30%). The polyphenol and flavonoid contents significantly increased in extruded radish leaves and stems (ER) under optimum extrusion conditions ($130^{\circ}C$, 250 rpm, and 20%). Under extrusion conditions, we compared off-flavors (as amount of sulfur-containing compound) levels between ER and non-extruded radish leaves and stems (NER) by an electronic nose. A total of six peaks (sulfur-containing compound) were similarly detected in both ER and NER, whereas the ER showed reduced off-flavors. Levels of glucosinolate (${\mu}g/g$), which can be hydrolyzed into off-flavors during mastication or processing, were significantly decreased in the ER. From these results, extrusion processing can be an effective method to increase anti-oxidant activity and removal of off-flavors in radish leaves and stems.

무청은 무의 지상부 엽채를 말하며, 우리나라에서는 주로 건조하여 국이나 나물로 조리하여 이용하였고, 영양학적으로 35% 이상의 식이섬유 및 20% 내외의 단백질, 철분 및 칼슘 등을 함유하고 있다. 그러나 무청의 주요 성분인 글루코시놀레이트는 가공과정 중 발생하는 이취에 주된 원인물질이며, 이러한 이취는 무청을 이용한 가공식품의 원료로 사용하는 데 제한적 요인이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 압출성형 조건에 따른 무청 분말의 항산화 활성 및 이취성분 변화에 관하여 알아보기 위하여 압출성형 독립변수 중 배럴 온도, 스크류 회전속도 및 수분함량을 조절하여 압출성형 무청 추출물의 추출 수율, 총폴리페놀 함량, 총플라보노이드 함량, 총글루코시놀레이트 함량 및 이취 성분을 분석하였다. 추출 수율 및 항산화 활성은 배럴 온도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 압출성형 최적조건인 배럴 온도($130^{\circ}C$), 스크류 회전속도(250 rpm) 및 수분함량(20%)에서 총글루코시놀레이트 함량은 일반 무청 분말보다 약 1.5배 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 이러한 황화합물의 함량 변화에 관한 정확한 성분을 분석한 결과 압출성형공정은 무청의 이취물질(methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl disulfide 및 dimethyl trisulfide) 함량을 효과적으로 감소시켜 무청의 이취를 감소시키는 것으로 관찰되었다.

Keywords

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