Natural Product Sciences

The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy (한국생약학회)
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The Preventive and Curative Effect of Cyanidin-3β-D-Glycoside and Its Metabolite Protocatechuic Acid Against TNBS-induced Colitis in Mice

  • Jang, Se-Eun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Ryul (Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Han, Myung Joo (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hyun (Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2016.06.23
  • Accepted : 2016.09.23
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

Cyanidin-$3{\beta}$-D-glycoside (C3G), which is widely distributed in herbal medicines and functional foods, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-scratching behavioral effects. Orally administered C3G is metabolized to protocatechuic acid (PA) by gut microbiota. Therefore, we compared the anti-colitic effect of C3G to that of PA in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Orally administered C3G and PA preventively and curatively ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis parameters, including macroscopic colitis score, colon shortening, and increase of myeloperoxidase activity. Treatment with C3G or PA also inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthatase, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ in the colon of mice with TNBS-induced colitis. Furthermore, these also inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression in peritoneal macrophages. The anti-colitic effect of PA was more effective than C3G. Orally administered PA more potently attenuate colitis than C3G by inhibiting $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and the anti-colitic efficacy of C3G may be dependent on the biotransformation of C3G to PA by gut microbiota.

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