Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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Thermal Environment Analysis for Preserving Ancient Mural Painting in Songsan-ri Tomb No. 6, Gongju, Korea

공주 송산리 6호 벽화고분 보존을 위한 온열환경 분석 연구

  • Kim, Dae Woon (Con-Tech, School-based Enterprise, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jeong, Sun Hye (Department of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Min Young (Institute of Preventive Conservation for Cultural Property, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Chung, Yong Jae (Department of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 김대운 (한국전통문화대학교 학교기업 Con-Tech) ;
  • 정선혜 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과) ;
  • 이민영 (한국전통문화대학교 문화재예방보존연구소) ;
  • 정용재 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과)
  • Received : 2016.10.13
  • Accepted : 2016.12.13
  • Published : 2016.12.20
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Abstract

Ancient tombs are typically comprised of confined rooms, which have different spatial characteristics than the external environment because they are covered by heavy layers of soil. In this study, we examined the thermal energy flow from the outside to inside of Songsan-ri tomb No. 6. External heat flows slowly to the inside because of heavy soil layer, and the presence of several rooms and entrances. For this reason, it takes about two months for the air temperature to travel from the outside to the inside of the tomb. Interestingly, the gradational inflow of thermal energy from outside the tomb leads to delicate horizontal and vertical variations in the wall temperature. These micro-environmental differences occur in the inner tomb every year, so we can expect them to cause condensation with regularity. In addition, we show that the previously installed forced circulation air conditioning system risks fatal damage to the mural wall painting. The results of this research suggest an optimal air conditioning system and optimized space planning to conserve Songsan-ri tomb No. 6 and its mural painting.

고분은 구조적 특성상 대부분 좁고 밀폐된 공간으로 이루어져 있으며, 고분을 둘러싼 높은 봉분으로 인해 외부 환경으로부터 일부 차단된 공간적 특성을 갖는다. 이러한 공간적 특성은 연중 낮은 온도와 높은 상대습도가 유지되는 환경적 특성으로 이어진다. 연구 대상인 공주 송산리 고분군은 외부로부터 고분 내부로 유입되는 열에너지가 고분을 덮고 있는 토양층과 다수의 연결된 출입구로 인해 열의 흐름이 차단되거나 지연되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 열흐름의 특이성(특수성)은 고분 내부 환경과 외부 환경 사이에 약 2개월의 시간적 격차를 발생시키고 있었다. 또한 고분 외부에서 차등적으로 유입되는 열에너지로 인해 고분 내부의 환경은 수평적, 수직적으로 미세한 환경적 차이가 발생되었다. 고분 내부에서 발생된 미시환경의 차이는 매년 규칙적으로 발생되고 있었으며, 이러한 특성을 활용하여 방위 및 공간에 따른 환경조건과 결로현상 발생위치를 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 최적 보존환경을 유지하기 위해 설치된 강제순환식 항온항습기의 고분 벽화 손상 위험성과 기계적 한계점을 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 송산리 고분과 고분 벽화를 보존하기 위한 최적의 공조 설비 방안 및 공간계획수립에 있어 기반자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Keywords

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