Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기물자원화)

Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기성자원학회)
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Comparative Evaluation for Environmental Impact of Rapeseed and Barley Cultivation in Paddy Field for Winter using Life Cycle Assessment

겨울논 유채와 보리 재배시 전과정평가 방법을 이용한 환경영향 비교 평가

  • Hong, Seung-Gil (Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Shin, JoungDu (Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Park, Kwang-Lai (Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Ahn, Min-Sil (Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Ok, Yong-Sik (School of Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Gyu (Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Seok-Cheol (Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences)
  • 홍승길 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 신중두 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 박광래 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 안민실 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 옥용식 (강원대학교 바이오자원환경학과) ;
  • 김정규 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 김석철 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부)
  • Received : 2016.11.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.06
  • Published : 2016.12.30
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Abstract

The application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental impact of rapeseed cultivation in winter fallow after harvesting rice was investigated and compared with barley cultivation in crop rotation system. Data for input materials were collected and analyzed by 1 ton rapeseed and barley as functional unit. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen because this is well documented and regularly applied impact method. From the comparison of impact categories such as greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acidification, heavy metals, carcinogens, summer smog, and energy resources for 1 ton of final product, emission potential from rapeseed was higher than that from barley. The range from 65 to 96% of these potential came from chemical fertilizer. On the other hand, eutrophication potential from barley was higher than that from rapeseed, mainly came from utilizing the chemical fertilizer. During the cultivation of barley and rape, environmental burden by heavy metals was evaluated by 0.5 Pt, larger than points from other impact categories. The sum of points from all impact categories in barley and rapeseed was calculated to be 0.78 Pt and 0.82 Pt, respectively. From the sensitivity analysis for barley and rapeseed, scenario 1 (crop responses to fertilization level) showed the environmental burden was continuously increased with the amount of fertilization in barley cultivation, while it was not increased only at the optimum crop responses to fertilization in rapeseed (R3). With these results, rapeseed cultivation in winter fallow paddy contributed to the amounts of environmental burden much more than barley cultivation. It is, however, highly determined that environmental weighted point resulted from evaluating both cultivation was not significantly different.

벼 수확 후 겨울철 휴경논에서 유채 재배 시스템의 환경영향을 평가하고 경쟁 작물인 보리 재배 시스템의 환경영향과 비교 분석하기 위하여 전과정 평가방법을 적용하였다. 투입물질에 대한 자료를 수집하고 유채 및 보리 1 ton을 기능단위로 하여 분석하였다. 전과정 영향평가를 위해서는 체계화가 잘 되어있고 규칙적으로 적용된 영향평가 방법인 Eco-indicator 95 방법을 사용하였다. 생산물 1 ton당 발생하는 영향범주별 비교에서는 온실가스 등 6개 영향범주에서 보리보다 유채의 포텐셜이 높게 나타났는데 이 중 화학비료 사용에 의한 환경부하가 전체 발생량의 65-96%를 차지하고 있었다. 부영양화 포텐셜은 오히려 유채보다 보리에서 높게 나타났다. 보리와 유채 재배에서 중금속에 의한 부하가 0.5 Pt로 상대적으로 가장 크게 나타났으나 전체 영향범주값을 합산하게 되면 보리에서 0.78 Pt, 유채에서 0.82 Pt로 나타났다. 시비-수확량 반응 시험에 대한 평가에서 보리는 시비량이 증가할수록 환경부하가 계속 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 유채는 시비량에 따라 증가하다가 최고 생산량을 보인 R3(80-65-65)에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 겨울 휴경논에 유채를 재배할 경우 환경 영향 범주 8개 중 6개 범주에서 기존의 보리를 재배하는 과정에 비해 환경부하량은 더 크다고 할 수 있지만 환경지수값으로 환산하게 되면 휴경지에서 유채와 보리 재배를 통한 환경영향에는 차이가 없을 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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