DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Roles of Maternal Responsiveness in the Relationship between Infants' Communicative Gestures and Play

13~18개월 영아의 의사소통적 몸짓과 놀이의 관계에서 어머니 반응성의 역할

  • 이지영 (성균관대학교 아동.청소년학과 영.유아 교육 및 보육전공) ;
  • 성지현 (성균관대학교 아동.청소년학과 영.유아 교육 및 보육전공)
  • Received : 2015.07.28
  • Accepted : 2015.09.30
  • Published : 2015.10.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to firstly, investigate the relationship between infants' communicative gestures, play and maternal responsiveness and secondly, to examine the role of maternal responsiveness in the associations between infants' communicative gestures and play. The subjects comprised 42 infants (21 boys and 21 girls) and their mothers. The infants' communicative gestures, the infants' play and maternal responsiveness were observed during free play sessions lasting 20 minutes. The results are as follows. Mothers of girls showed higher levels of responsiveness than the mothers of boys. In addition, here were positive correlations between infants' communicative gestures, play and maternal responsiveness. Maternal responsiveness was observed to moderate the effects of infants' communicative gestures on the infants' average level of play. These results indicate that it is important for caregivers to interpret infants' communicative intentions appropriately and respond promptly and adequately in play situations.

Keywords

References

  1. Acredolo, L. P., & Goodwyn, S. W. (1985). Symbolic gesturing in language development. Human Development, 28(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1159/000272934
  2. Acredolo, L. P., & Goodwyn, S. W. (1988). Symbolic gesturing in normal infants. Child Development, 59(2), 45-466.
  3. Arnett, J. (1989). Caregivers in day-care centers: Does training matter?. Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 10(4), 541-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(89)90026-9
  4. Barwick, M. A., Cohen, N. J., Horodezky, N. B., & Lojkasek, M. (2004). Infant communication and the mother-infant relationship: The importance of level of risk and construct measurement. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25(3), 240-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20000
  5. Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I., Camaioni, L., & Volterra, V. (1979). The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy. New York: Academic Press.
  6. Belsky, J., Goode, M. K., & Most, R. K. (1980). Maternal stimulation and infant explatory competence: Cross-sectional, correlational, and experimental analysis. Child Development, 51(4), 1168-1178. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129558
  7. Belsky, J., & Most, R. (1981). From exploration to play: A cross-sectional study of infant freeplay behavior. Development Psychology, 17(5), 630-639. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.17.5.630
  8. Bornstein, M. H., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (1989). Maternal responsiveness and cognitive development in children. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Maternal responsiveness: Characteristics and consequences (pp. 49-61). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  9. Bornstein, M. H., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (1997). Maternal responsiveness and infant mental abilities: Specific predictive relations. Infant Behavior & Development, 20(3), 283-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6383(97)90001-1
  10. Bugental, D. B., & Goodnow, J. J. (1998). Socialization processes. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (5th ed., vol. 3, pp. 389-462). New York: Wiley.
  11. Butterworth, G., & Morissette, P. (1996). Onset of pointing and the acquisition of language in infancy. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 14(3), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646839608404519
  12. Carpenter, R. L., Matergeonge, A. M., & Coggins, T. D. (1983). The acquisition of communicative intentions in infants eight to fifteen months age. Language and Speech, 26, 101-116.
  13. Cherry, L., & Lewis, M. (1976). Mothers and two-year-olds: A study of sex-differentiated aspects of verbal interaction. Developmental Psychology, 12(4), 278. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.12.4.278
  14. Choi, Y. J., & Lee, Y. K. (2011). The relationship between symbolic play development and early vocabulary acquisition in toddlers. Communication Sciences and Disorders, 16(3), 248-260.
  15. Clearfield, M. W., & Nelson, N. M. (2006). Sex differences in mothers' speech and play behavior with 6-, 9-, and 14-month-old infants. Sex Roles, 54(1-2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-8874-1
  16. Damast, A. M., Tamis-LeMonda, S., & Bornstein, M. (1996). Mother-child play: Sequential interaction and the relation between maternal beliefs and behaviors. Child Development, 67, 1752-1766. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131729
  17. Dix, T., Cheng, N., & Day, W. H. (2009). Connecting with parents: Mothers' depressive symptoms and responsive behaviors in the regulation of social contact by one-and young two year-olds. Social Development, 18(1), 24-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00488.x
  18. Dunham, P., & Dunham, R. (1992). Lexical development during middle infancy: A mutually driven infant-caregiver process. Developmental Psychology, 28(3), 414-420. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.3.414
  19. Dunn, J. (1985). Pretend play in the family. In C. C. Brown & A. W. Gottfried (Eds.), Play interaction: The role of toys and parental involvement in children's development (pp. 79-88). Skillman, NJ: Johnson & Johnson Baby Products.
  20. Fein, G. G., Johnson, D., Kossan, H., Stork, L., & Wasserman, L. (1975). Sex stereotypes and preferences in toy choices of 20 month old boys and girls. Developmental Psychology, 11(4), 527-528. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076675
  21. Gang, Y. K., & Kim, M. S. (2011). The understanding of infant's language. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  22. Go, J. M., & Lee, S. Y. (2010). A comparison of mothers' and fathers' responsiveness while playing with their two-year-old children. The Journal of Korea Early Childhood Education, 30(2), 147-165.
  23. Goodwyn, S. W., & Acredolo, L. P. (1993). Symbolic gesture versus word: Is there a modality advantage for onset of symbol use?. Child Development, 64(3), 688-701. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131211
  24. Goodwyn, S. W., Acredolo, L. P., & Brown, C. A. (2000). Impact of symbolic gesturing on early language development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(2), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006653828895
  25. Goldin-Meadow, S., Goodrich, W., Sauer, E., & Iverson, J. (2007). Young children use their hands to tell their mothers what to say. Developmental Science, 10(6), 778-785. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00636.x
  26. Goldin-Meadow, S., & Singer, M. A. (2003). From children's hands to adults' ears: gesture's role in the learning process. Developmental Psychology, 39(3), 509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.509
  27. Goldstein, M. H., King, A. P., & West, M. J. (2003). Social interaction shapes babbling: Testing parallels between birdsong and speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(13), 8030-8035. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1332441100
  28. Haight, W. L., & Miller, P. J. (1993). The development of everyday pretend play: A Longitudinal study of mothers' participation. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 38(3), 331-349.
  29. Hall, S., Rumney, L., Holler, J., & Kidd, E. (2013). Associations among play, gesture and early spoken language acquisition. First Language, 33(3), 294-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723713487618
  30. Howes, C., Galinsky, E., & Konots, S. (1998). Child care caregiver sensitivity and attachment. Social Development, 7(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00048
  31. Iverson, J. M., Capirci, O., Longobardi, E., & Caselli, M. C. (1999). Gesturing in mother-child interactions. Cognitive Development, 14(1), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(99)80018-5
  32. Iverson, J. M., Capirci, O., Volterra, V., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2008). Learning to talk in a gesture-rich world: Early communication in Italian vs. American children. First Language, 28(2), 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723707087736
  33. Iverson, J. M., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2005). gesture paves the way for language development. Psychological Science, 16(5), 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01542.x
  34. Jang, Y. K., Choi, Y. Y., & Kim, S. Y. (2005). The development of gesture in the early communication of Korean Infants. The Korean Journal of Child Studies, 26(1), 155-167.
  35. Johnson, J. E., Christie, J. F., & Yawkey, T. D. (1987). Play and early childhood development. Glenview, Illinios: Scott, Froesman and Company.
  36. Kim, E. H. (2006). The relationship between the communicative gesture and the vocabulary acquisition of infants. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  37. Kim, E. J. (2011). The relationship among maternal play knowledge, play interaction and toddler's play level. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  38. Kim, H. S., & Park, K. J. (2014). Latent growth model of maternal depressive symptoms: Predictors and effects on infant's developmental outcomes. Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts, 4(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.5723/csac.2014.4.1.027
  39. Kim, M. S., & Lee, Y. J. (2007). The relationship between mother's interactive responsiveness and Infant's communication. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 45(3), 97-107.
  40. Kim, Y. S., & Lee, J. H. (2001). Early pretend play and language development of toddlers. Dongduk Journal of Llife Science Studies. 6, 189-201.
  41. Kishimoto, T., Shizawa, Y., Yasuda, J., Hinobayashi, T., & Minami, T. (2007). Do pointing gestures by infants provoke comments from adults?. Infant Behavior and Development, 30(4), 562-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.04.001
  42. Kruper, J. C., & Uzgiris, I. C. (1987). Fathers' and mothers' speech to young infants. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 16(6), 597-614. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067087
  43. Kwak, K. J., Kim, M. H., & Han, E. J. (2004). The interrelationship of Infant-mother interaction and early social communication skills. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 25(5), 111-128.
  44. Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., & Swank, P. R. (2006). Responsive parenting: Establishing early foundations for social, communication, and independent problem-solving skills. Developmental Psychology, 42(4), 627-642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.627
  45. Lee, H. M. (2010). Mothers' sensitivity and Infants' responsiveness according to demographic characteristics. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 1(1), 91-103.
  46. Lee, J. Y., & Jang, Y. K. (2004). The preliminary standardization of CSBS Infant-Toddler checklist. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 11(4), 37-54.
  47. Liszkowski, U., Carpenter, M., Henning, A., Striano, T., & Tomasello, M. (2004). Twelve month-olds point to share attention and interest. Developmental Science, 7(3), 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00349.x
  48. Lollis, S. (2003). Conceptualizing the influence of the past and the future in present parent-child relationships. In L. Kuczynski (Ed.), Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations (pp. 67-88). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  49. Lovas, G. S. (2005). Gender and patterns of emotional availability in mother-toddler and father-toddler dyads. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26(4), 327-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20056
  50. Maccoby, E. E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28(6), 1006-1017. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1006
  51. Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. San Francisco: Stanford University Press.
  52. Matthew, W. S. (1977). Modes of transformation in the initiation of fantasy play. Development Psychology, 13(3), 212-216. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.13.3.212
  53. McCune-Nicolich, L. (1981). Toward symbolic functioning: Structure of early pretend games and potential parallels with language. Child Development, 52(3), 785-797. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03115.x
  54. McLoyd, V. C. (1980). Verbally expressed modes of transformation in the fantasy play of black preschool children. Child Development, 51(4), 1138-1139.
  55. McNeill, D. (1998). Speech and gesture integration. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 79, 11-27.
  56. Miller, J. L., & Lossia, A. K. (2013). Prelinguistic infants' communicative system: Role of caregiver social feedback. First Language, 33(5), 524-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723713503147
  57. Moon, H. J. (1996). A study on the development changes in pretend play from 20 to 35 months of age. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Sookmyung women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  58. Namy, L. L., Acredolo, L., & Goodwyn, S. (2000). Verbal labels and gestural routines in parental communication with young children. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(2), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006601812056
  59. Namy, L. L., Vallas, R., & Knight-Schwarz, J. (2008). Linking parent input and child receptivity to symbolic gestures. Gesture, 8(3), 302-324. https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.8.3.03nam
  60. Nicolich, L. (1977). Beyond sensorymotor intelligence: Analysis of symbolic maturity through analysis of pretend play. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 23(2), 89-99.
  61. Noll, L. M., & Harding, C. G. (2003). The relationship of mother-child interaction and the child's development of symbolic play. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(6), 557-570. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10071
  62. O'Reilly, A. W., Painter, K. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (1997). Relations between language and symbolic gesture development in early childhood. Cognitive Development, 12(2), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(97)90012-5
  63. Ozcaliskan, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2010). Sex differences in language first appear in gesture. Developmental Science, 13(5), 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00933.x
  64. Paavola, L., Kunnari, S., Moilanen, L., & Lehtihalmes, M. (2005). The functions of maternal verbal responses to prelinguistic infants as predictors of early communicative and linguistic development. First Language, 25(2), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723705050341
  65. Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York: Norton.
  66. Pizzuto, E., & Capobianco, M. (2005). The link (and differences) between deixis and symbols in children's early gestural-vocal system. Gesture, 5(1-2), 179-199. https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.5.1-2.13piz
  67. Ramer, A. L. (1976). Syntactic styles in emerging language. Journal of Child Language, 3(1), 49-62.
  68. Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2009). Differences in early gesture explain SES disparities in child vocabulary size at school entry. Science, 323(5916), 951-953. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167025
  69. Rowe, M. L., Ozcaliskan, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2008). Learning words by hand: Gesture's role in predicting vocabulary development. First Language, 28(2), 182-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723707088310
  70. Saxon, T. F., Frick, J. E., & Colombo, J. (1997). A longitudinal study of maternal interactional styles and infant visual attention. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43(1), 48-66.
  71. Shin, A. S., & Kim, Y. S. (2013). A relationship between communicative gesture development and temperament of infants of 6 to 25 months old. Open Childhood Education, 18(1), 519-539.
  72. Singer, M. A., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2005). Children learn when their teacher's gestures and speech differ. Psychological Science, 16(2), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00786.x
  73. Spencer, P. E., & Meadow-Orlans, K. P. (1996). Play, language, and maternal responsiveness: A longitudinal study of deaf and hearing infants. Child Development, 67(6), 3176-3191. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131773
  74. Stern, D. N. (2002). The first relationship: Infant and mother. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  75. Sung, J. H. (2000). The language and the play of infants. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  76. Sung, J., Fausto-Sterling, A., Garcia-Coll, C., & Seifer, R. (2013). The dynamics of age and sex in the development of mother-infant vocal communication between 3 and 11 months. Infancy, 18(6), 1135-1158. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12019
  77. Sung, J., & Hsu, H. (2009). Korean mothers' speech and behaviors during play: Associations with toddlers' language and play skills development. International Journal of Behavior and Development, 33(5), 430-439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025409338443
  78. Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Bornstein, M. H. (1993). Play and its relations to other mental functions in the child. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1993(59), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219935904
  79. Tizzard, B., Phillips, J., & Plewis, I. (1976). Play measures and their relation to age, sex, and I.Q. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(4), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00401.x
  80. Tomasello, M., & Farrar, M. J. (1986). Joint attention and early language. Child Development, 57(6), 1454-1463. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130423
  81. Vallotton, C. D. (2009). Do infants influence their quality of care? Infants' communicative gestures predict caregivers' responsiveness. Infant Behavior and Development, 32(4), 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.06.001
  82. Volterra, V., Caselli, M. C., Capirci, O., & Pizzuto, E. (2005). Gesture and the emergence and development of language. In M. Tomasello & I. S. Dann (Eds.), Beyond nature-nurture: Essays in honor of Elizabeth Bates, (pp. 3-39). New Jersey: Taylor & Francis.
  83. Volterra, V., & Erting, C. (1994). From gesture to language in hearing and deaf children. Washington, D.C: Gallaudet University Press.
  84. Werner, H., & Kaplan, B. (1963). Symbol formation. Wiley: New York.
  85. Wetherby, A. M., & Prizant, B. M. (2003). Communication and symbolic behavior scales. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes.
  86. Wu, Z., & Gros-Louis, J. (2014). Infants' prelinguistic communicative acts and maternal responses: Relations to linguistic development. First Language, 34(1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723714521925