Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (대한간호학회지)

Korean Society of Nursing Science (한국간호과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research

간호학 연구에서 효과크기의 사용에 대한 고찰

  • 강현철 (호서대학교 응용통계학과) ;
  • 연규필 (호서대학교 응용통계학과) ;
  • 한상태 (호서대학교 응용통계학과)
  • Received : 2015.09.02
  • Accepted : 2015.10.07
  • Published : 2015.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to introduce the main concepts of statistical testing and effect size and to provide researchers in nursing science with guidance on how to calculate the effect size for the statistical analysis methods mainly used in nursing. Methods: For t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis which are used frequently in nursing research, the generally accepted definitions of the effect size were explained. Results: Some formulae for calculating the effect size are described with several examples in nursing research. Furthermore, the authors present the required minimum sample size for each example utilizing G*Power 3 software that is the most widely used program for calculating sample size. Conclusion: It is noted that statistical significance testing and effect size measurement serve different purposes, and the reliance on only one side may be misleading. Some practical guidelines are recommended for combining statistical significance testing and effect size measure in order to make more balanced decisions in quantitative analyses.

Keywords

References

  1. Im SH. A review on the statistical significance and statistical power analysis. The Journal of Education Studies. 2011;48(1):267-281.
  2. Na WB, Park CW. A meta analysis on the effect sizes of marketing experiments in Korea. Korean Marketing Review. 2006;21(4):189-207.
  3. Kwon SD. A review of the significance testing and effect size in empirical research. Journal of Educational Evaluation. 2005;18(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-006-9003-6
  4. Peterson RA, Albaum G, Beltramini RF. A meta-analysis of effect sizes in consumer behavior experiments. Journal of Consumer Research. 1985;12(1):97-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209039
  5. Sawyer AG, Peter JP. The significance of statistical significance tests in marketing research. Journal of Marketing Research. 1983;20(2):122-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151679
  6. Kang H. Analysis of statistical method applied in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing for recent 3 years (1999-2001). Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2002;32(6):929-935. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.929
  7. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
  8. Cooper HM. On the significance of effects and the effects of significance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981;41(5):1013-1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.41.5.1013
  9. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods. 2007;39(2):175-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  10. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods. 2009;41(4):1149-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.4.1149
  11. Polit DF, Sherman RE. Statistical power in nursing research. Nursing Research. 1990;39(6):365-369.
  12. Lee JW, Park MR, Lee JB, Lee SJ, Park ES, Park YJ. A review on the methods of sample size determination in nursing research. Journal of Korean Academy of Women's Health Nursing. 1998;4(3):375-387.
  13. Ko JM, Lee JK. Effects of a coaching program on comprehensive lifestyle modification for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014;44(6):672-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.672
  14. Wang HJ, Kim IO. Effects of a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers at an advanced maternal age. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2015;45(3):337-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.337
  15. Han ST, Kang H, Huh MH. PASW statistics: SPSS analysis of variance. Seoul: Hannare Publishing Co.; 2009.
  16. Lee JA, Kweon YR. Factors affecting social competence in schoolaged children according to alcohol consumption by parents'. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014;44(5):495-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.495
  17. Park C, Song M, Cho B, Lim J, Song W, Chang H, et al. Effects of a multi-disciplinary approached, empowerment theory based self-management intervention in older adults with chronic illness. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2015;45(2):192-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.192
  18. Yoo SY. Development and effects of a simulation-based education program for newborn emergency care. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2013;43(4):468-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.468
  19. Kang H, Han ST, Choi H. SPSS (PASW Statistics) introduction to data analysis. Paju: Freeacademy; 2010.
  20. Lee H, Cho SH, Kim JH, Kim YK, Choo HI. Influence of self efficacy, social support and sense of community on health-related quality of life for middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014;44(6):608-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.608
  21. Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Thompson WL. Null hypothesis testing: Problems, prevalence, and an alternative. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2000;64(4):912-923. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3803199
  22. Breaugh JA. Effect size estimation: Factors to consider and mistakes to avoid. Journal of Management. 2003;29(1):79-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(02)00221-0
  23. Cohen J. The earth is round (p <.05). American Psychologist. 1994;49(12):997-1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997
  24. American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author; 2001.
  25. Thompson B. Foundations of behavioral statistics: An insightbased approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2006.
  26. Kim M. Quantitative methods in geography education research: Concept and application of effect size. The Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic and Environmental Education. 2011;19(2):205-220. https://doi.org/10.17279/jkagee.2011.19.2.205
  27. Kim CG, Cho MK. Effects on depression intervention programs of hemodialysis patients in Korea: Meta-analysis. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2012;14(5):2513-2528.
  28. Jeon HR, Park JS. A meta-analysis about effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postoperative pain. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2012;14(2):851-865.
  29. Jun JY. A meta-analysis of effects on the warming methods for postoperative patients. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2009;11(4):1819-1829.
  30. Lee EH. On the introduction and application of effect size for data analysis methods [master' thesis]. Asan: Hoseo University; 2014.

Cited by

  1. 신생아 집중 치료실 퇴원 후 미숙아 영아 어머니의 모성 역할 발달 vol.21, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.4.308
  2. 타액 분비 자극법이 대장암 환자의 수술 후 구강건조 완화에 미치는 효과 vol.16, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2016.16.2.75
  3. 대장암 환자와 일반 성인의 건강증진행위 비교 vol.16, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2016.16.2.94
  4. 일 간호대학생의 유머감각과 스트레스 및 우울과의 관계 vol.27, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2016.27.4.1035
  5. 재가노인의 수면 관련요인 vol.29, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2017.29.3.235
  6. 간호대학 4학년 학생의 중환자간호역량에 미치는 영향 요인 vol.23, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2017.23.2.214
  7. 노년기 요실금 여성의 하부요로증상, 신체활동, 우울이 수면의 질에 미치는 영향 vol.19, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2017.19.3.170
  8. 교대근무 간호사의 일주기 유형에 따른 수면 양상, 각성도, 피로도 vol.19, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2017.19.3.198
  9. 아동 편도선 절제술과 관련된 국내 간호연구의 통합적 고찰 vol.23, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2017.23.4.416
  10. 암 생존자의 재활에 영향을 미치는 요인 vol.29, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2017.29.5.463
  11. Educational Needs Analysis for Developing an Occupational Education Program for Nursing Students: Focusing on Nursing Students and Nursing Professionals vol.30, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2018.30.2.136
  12. 간호대학생을 위한 시뮬레이션 기반의 아동간호 인수인계에 관한 동영상 실습교육과 시뮬레이션 실습교육의 효과 vol.24, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2018.24.1.27
  13. 임상치과위생사의 전문직 자아개념, 자아존중감 및 직무만족도와의 관련성 vol.18, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2018.18.01.55
  14. 간호대학생의 문화역량 강화를 위한 교수학습모형의 효과 vol.24, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2018.24.1.100
  15. 간호사의 사건보고와 안전분위기 인지에 대한 융합연구 vol.9, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15207/jkcs.2018.9.4.443
  16. 영유아 교사의 근무여건 및 직업만족도가 정신건강과 프리젠티즘에 미치는 영향 vol.27, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2018.27.3.171
  17. The Effects of the 5-step Method for Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance Ability vol.25, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2019.25.1.17
  18. Effect of an emotion management programme for patients with schizophrenia: A quasi‐experimental design vol.28, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12565
  19. 신규간호사의 간호업무누락 영향요인 vol.25, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14370/jewnr.2019.25.1.33
  20. Family Characteristics, Family Support, Family Function and Compliance of Patient Role Behavior in Long-term Hemodialysis Patients vol.22, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7587/kjrehn.2019.58
  21. 미숙아 어머니의 간호사와의 파트너십, 사회적 지지가 퇴원준비도에 미치는 영향 vol.25, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.417
  22. 교수피드백을 적용한 성찰일지 작성이 간호대학생의 학습동기, 학습태도 및 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 효과에 대한 융합 연구 vol.10, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15207/jkcs.2019.10.12.503
  23. 계획적 행위이론에 근거한 간호사의 욕창예방에 대한 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행위통제 및 욕창예방 행위에 관한 연구 vol.20, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2019.20.12.212
  24. Nursing students’ career identity, satisfaction with major, and career stress by career decision type vol.17, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12281
  25. The effectiveness of a career efficacy enhancement program for KOREAN nursing students: A quasi-experimental study vol.89, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104423
  26. 상급종합병원에서의 간호·간병통합서비스 병동과 일반병동 간호사의 근무환경, 역할갈등, 직무 배태성 비교 vol.26, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.14371/qih.2020.26.1.11
  27. 스마트 러닝을 활용한 간호교육에서 과제가치와 학업적 자기효능감이 학습참여에 미치는 영향 vol.18, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2020.18.7.229
  28. Relation between Mother’s Taekyo , Prenatal and Postpartum Depression, and Infant’s Temperament and Colic: A Longitudinal Prospective Approach vol.17, pp.20, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207691
  29. Critical Thinking Disposition, Job Competency, and Educational Needs of Home Visiting Nurses in the Long-term Care Insurance vol.23, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2021.23.1.54
  30. 간호대학생의 간호전문직관, 생명의료윤리의식 및 자기성찰지능 간 상관관계연구 vol.19, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2021.19.4.435
  31. Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout among Nurses Working in Trauma Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study vol.18, pp.14, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147228
  32. 코로나19(COVID-19)로 인한 온라인 강의대체가 간호대학생의 자기주도학습능력, 학업성취도 및 온라인 학습만족도에 미치는 영향 vol.9, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.22961/jhcls.2021.9.1.77
  33. 간호학생을 위한 Head Monted Display기반 재가방문 가상현실(Virtual Reality) 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발 및 효과 검증 vol.51, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21051
  34. Intentions of frontline nurses regarding COVID‐19 patient care: A cross‐sectional study in Korea vol.29, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13333
  35. Developing and Evaluating a Mobile-based Parental Education Program for Preventing Unintentional Injuries in Early Childhood: A Randomized Controlled Trial vol.15, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2021.12.001
  36. Interaction and main effects of physical and depressive symptoms on quality of life in Korean women seeking care for rectal prolapse: a cross-sectional observational study vol.27, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2021.12.08