References
- Allen, S.E., Grimshaw, H.M., Parkinson, J.A., and Quarmby C. 1974. Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford, England. pp. 540-552.
- Burden, R.F. and Randerson, P.F. 1972. Quantitative studies of the effects of human trampling on vegetation as an aid to the management of semi-natural areas. Applied Ecology 9(2): 439-457. https://doi.org/10.2307/2402445
- Cho, S.J., Park, C.S., U, D.I., and Cho, B.H. 2002. 4th ed. Soil Science. Hyangmoonsa, Seoul, Korea. pp. 58, 186, 330, 343.
- Cho, W. 2012. Deterioration Status of Closed-Trail of National Parks on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 26(5): 827-834.
- Cole, D.N. and Ranz, B. 1983. Temporary campsite closure in the selway-bitterroot wilderness. Forestry 81(4): 729-732.
- Cole, D.N., 1995. Experimental trampling of vegetation. II. Predictors of resistance and resilience. Journal of Applied Ecology 32: 215-224. https://doi.org/10.2307/2404430
- Cole, D.N. and Landres, P.B. 1996. Threats to wilderness ecosystems: impacts and research needs. Ecological applications 6(1): 168-184. https://doi.org/10.2307/2269562
- Crawford, A.K. and Liddle, M.J. 1977. The effect of trampling on neutral grassland, Biological conservation 12(2): 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(77)90066-0
- Fred, R.K. 1986. A review of major factors influencing plant responses to recreation impacts. Environmental Management 10(5): 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01866768
- Godefroid, S., Massant, W., Weyembergh, G., and Koedam, N. 2003. Impact of fencing on the recovery of the ground flora on heavily eroded slopes of a deciduous forest. Environmental Management 32(1): 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2705-8
- Jeong, J.H., Koo, K.S., Lee, C.H., and Kim, C.S. 2002. Physico-chemical Properties of Korean Forest Soils by Regions. Journal of Korean Forest Society 91(6): 694-700.
- Jin, H.O., Bang, S.H., Lee, C.H., and Kim, S.Y. 2008. Effects Artificially Acidified Soils on the Growth and Nutrient Status of Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima Seedlings. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 97(3): 266-273.
- Korea National Park Service. 2001. Study of Trail Degradation Type and Restoration Measure in National Park.
- Korea National Park Service. Seoul, Korea. Korea National Park Service. 2009. National Park Announcement 2009-No.33
- Korea National Park Service. 2009. The 8th Year Bukhansan Resource Monitoring Result. Korea National Park Service. Seoul, Korea.
- Korea National Park Service. 2012. National Park Announcement 2012-No.13. Korea National Park Service. Seoul, Korea.
- Korea National Park Service. 2014. 2014 National Park Fundamental Statistic(General). Korea National Park Service. Seoul, Korea.
- Kuss, F.R. and Hall, C.N. 1991. Ground flora trampling studies: five years after closure. Environmental management 15(5): 714-727.
- Kwon, T.H., Oh, K.K., and Kwon. S.D., 1991. Use Impact on Environmental Deteriorations of Trails and Campsite in Chirisan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 5(1): 91-103.
- Kwon, T.H., Lee, J.W., and Kim, D.W. 2004. Trail Deterioration and Managerial Strategy on the Ridge of Baekdudaegan : A Case of the Trail Between Namdeogysuan and Sosagogae. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 18(2): 175-183.
- Lee, S.W. 1981. Studies on Forest Soils in Korea (II). Journal of Korean Forest Society 54: 25-35.
- Lee, J.W., Oh, K.K., and Kwon, T.H. 1997. Use Impacts on Environmental Deteriorations on and around Trails in Soraksan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 10(2): 191-204.
- Lee, C.Y. 2000. Forest Environmental Soil Science, Bosung. Seoul, Korea. pp. 350.
- Li, Y.Y. and Shao, M.A. 2006. Change of soil physical properties under long-term natural vegetation restoration in the Loess plateau of China. Arid Environments 64: 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.04.005
- Manning, R.E. 1979. Impacts of recreation on riparian soils and vegetation. American Water Resources Association 15(1): 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00287.x
- Ministry of Environment. 2006, National Park Special Protected Area Implement Plan. Ministry of Environment. Seoul, Korea.
- Nepal, S.K. and Way, P. 2007. Comparison of vegetation conditions along two backcountry trails in Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia. Environmental Management 82: 240-249.
- Oh, K.K., Kwon, T.H., and Jeun, Y.J. 1987. Trail Damage and Vegetational Change of Trail Side in Bukhan Mountain Naitonal Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 1(1): 35-45.
- Scherrer, P. and Pickering, C.M. 2006 Restoration of alpine herbfield vegetation on a closed walking track in the Snowy Mountains, Australia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 38(2): 152-178.
- Shin, J.H., Yeon, M.H., and Yang, K.C. 2013. Estimation of Potential Natural Vegetation using the Estimate to Probability Distribution of Vegetation in Bukhansan National Park. The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 16(3): 41-53.
- Stohlgren, T.J. and Parsons, D.J. 1986, Vegetation and soil recovery in wilderness campsites closed to visitor use. Envrionmental Management 10(3): 375-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867262
- Sutherland, R.A., Bussen, J.O., Plondke, D.L., Evans, B.M. and Ziegler, A.D. 2001. Hydrophysical degradation associated with hiking-trail use: a case study of Hawai//Iloaridge trail, O'Ahu, Hawai'i. Land degradation & Development 12: 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.425
- Taylor, H.M. and Brar, G.S. 1991. Effect of soil compaction on root development. Soil & Tillage Research 19: 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(91)90080-H
- Thorud, D.B. and Frissell, S.S. 1976. Time changes in soil density following compaction under an oak forest. Minnesota forestry research notes. No.257. University of Minnesota, U.S.A.
- Thurston, E. and Reader, R.J. 2001. Impacts of experimentally applied mountain biking and hiking on vegetation and soil of a deciduous forest. Environmental Management 27(3): 397-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010157
- Torbert, H.A. and Wood, C.W. 1992. Effects of soil compaction and water-filled pore space on soil microbial activity and N losses. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 23(11-23): 1321-1331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629209368668
- Yoo, K.J., Kim, J.M., and Cho, W. 2009. Perceptions of Residents and Visitors of the Policy for Special Protected Areas in Korean National Parks: A Case Study of the Nature Restoration Period in Chilsun Valley of Jirisan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 23(6): 585-593.
Cited by
- Change of Flora of Damaged Land in Juwangsan National Park for Five Years (2010~2014) vol.25, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2016.25.4.233
- 경주국립공원 특별보호구역의 식생 특성 분석 - 애기송이풀, 애기등, 복주머니란 개체군을 대상으로 - vol.23, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2020.23.3.45