Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Chemical Properties and Source Profiles of Particulate Matter Collected on an Underground Subway Platform

  • Ma, Chang-Jin (Department of Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University) ;
  • Lee, Kyoung-Bin (School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul) ;
  • Kim, Shin-Do (School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul) ;
  • Sera, Koichiro (Cyclotron Research Center, Iwate Medical University)
  • Received : 2015.03.18
  • Accepted : 2015.05.12
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Under a very tough situation that there has been increasing concern to the air quality in underground subway spaces, this study set sights on the thorough estimation of the chemical properties and source apportionment of particulate matter (PM) collected on an underground subway platform by a cooperative approach of semi-bulk and single particle analyses. The size-resolved PMs were intensively collected on the platform of Miasageori station on the Seoul Subway Line-4, and then, they were semibulkily analyzed by a PIXE and the TOR$^{(R)}$ method, and individually analyzed by a SEM-EDX. Overwhelmingly enriched iron was a notable feature of elemental concentration of $PM_{2.5}$. Source classification of iron in $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ performed along with their elemental concentrations, indicates that the railway originated iron accounts for 95.71% and 66.39% of total iron in $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. Via a stoichiometric categorization, $Fe_2O_3$, $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$, $Al_2O_3$, and $CaCO_3$ show more than 85% abundance ratio in individual coarse particles. The result of theoretical estimation of the subway derived organic carbon ($OC_{Subway}$) suggests that $OC_{Subway}$ in $PM_1$ and $PM_{2.5-1}$ account for 75.86% and 51.88% of total organic carbon, respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbasi, S., Wahlström, J., Olander, L., Larsson, C., Olofsson, U., Sellgren, U. (2011) A study of airborne wear particles generated from organic railway brake pads and brake discs. Wear 273, 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.04.013
  2. Aboraia, M.S., Wasly, S.H., Doheim, M.A., Abdalla, G.A., Mahmoud, A.E. (2013) Characterization of Al/($10%Al_2O_3-10%ZrO_2$) nanocomposite powders fabricated by high-energy ball milling. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 3, 474-482.
  3. Aschner, M., Vrana, K.E., Zheng, W. (1999) Manganese uptake and distribution in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurotoxicology 20, 173-180.
  4. Chan, C.C., Spengler, J.D., Ozkaynak, H., Lefkopoulou, M. (2012) Commuter exposures to VOCs in Boston, Massachusetts. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 41, 1594-1600.
  5. Chan, L.Y., Lau, W.L., Wang, X.M., Tang, J.H. (2003) Preliminary measurements of aromatic VOCs in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China. Environment International 29, 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00189-7
  6. Chillrud, S.N., Grass, D., Ross, J.M., Coulibaly, D., Slavkovich, V., Epstein, D., Sax, S.N., Pederson, D., Johnson, D., Spengler, J.D., Kinney, P.L., Simpson, H.J., Brandt-Rauf, P. (2005) Steel dust in the New York City subway system as a source of manganese, chromium, and iron exposures for transit workers. Journal of Urban Health 82, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jti006
  7. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Pritchett, L.C., Pierson, W.R., Frazier, C.A., Purcell, R.G. (1993) The DRI thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in US air quality studies. Atmospheric Environment 27A, 1185-1201.
  8. Langard, W., Norseth, T. (1985) Handbook on Toxicology of Metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 185-210.
  9. Lorenzo, R., Kaegi, R., Gehrig, R., Grobety, B. (2006) Particle emissions of a railway line determined by detailed single particle analysis. Atmospheric Environment 40, 7831-7841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.026
  10. Ma, C.J. (2012) Quantification of water soluble organic acids in the highly time-resolved ambient particle using capillary electrophoresis method. Earth & Environmental Research 7, 1-7 (in Korean).
  11. Ma, C.J., Kim, K.H., Kang, G.U. (2010) A case study of ionic components in the size-resolved ambient particles collected near the volcanic crater of Sakurajima. Japan. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 4, 72-79. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2010.4.2.072
  12. Ma, C.J., Tohno, S., Kasahara, M. (2004) A case study of the single and size-resolved particles in roadway tunnel in Seoul, Korea. Atmospheric Environment 38, 6673-6677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.006
  13. McDonnell, W.F., Nishino-Ishikawa, N., Petersen, F.F., Chen, L.H., Abbey, D.E. (2000) Relationships of mortality with the fine and coarse fractions of long-term ambient SPM concentrations in nonsmokers. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 10, 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500095
  14. Park, J.S., Kim, S.D., Han, J.S., Kim, T.S. (2005) Estimation of secondary component of carbon matters in particulate matters. Proceeding of the 40th Meeting of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, pp. 370-372.
  15. Institute of Environmental Research at Kangwon National University (2006) Research report of air and soil pollution at cement company in Youngwoelgun, pp. 1-15.
  16. Seoul Metro Subway homepage (2014) http://www.seoulmetro.co.kr.
  17. Sera, K., Futatsugawa, S., Matsuda, K. (1999) Quantitative Analysis of Untreated Bio-samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 150, 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(98)01071-4
  18. Son, Y.S., Kang, Y.H., Chung, S.G., Park, H.J., Kim, J. C. (2011) Efficiency evaluation of adsorbents for the removal of VOC and $NO_2$ in an underground subway station. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 5, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2011.5.2.113
  19. Song, J.H., Lee, H.K., Kim, S.D. (2004) Model development for IAQ in a subway station. Air & Waste Management Association, p. 574.
  20. Song, J.H., Lee, H.K., Kim, S.D., Kim, D.S. (2008) How about the IAQ in subway environment and its management? Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 2, 60-67. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2008.2.1.060
  21. The center of research development for metallic materials (1999) The impurities in iron scraps. Recycle of iron scrap 4, pp. 378.
  22. Wielopolski, L., Song, Z., Orion, I., Hanson, A.L., Hendrey, G. (2005) Basic considerations for Monte Carlo calculations in soil. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 62, 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.06.003

Cited by

  1. Transient variation of aerosol size distribution in an underground subway station vol.188, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5373-5
  2. Sources and Characteristics of Particulate Matter in Subway Tunnels in Seoul, Korea vol.15, pp.11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112534
  3. 에어 블로어와 흡입기능을 가진 미세먼지 흡입시스템의 최적화 vol.17, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.1.290
  4. Generation of Nanoparticles from Friction between Railway Brake Disks and Pads vol.50, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06252
  5. 코안다 효과를 이용한 에어 블로어와 흡입구의 유동 제어 vol.18, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2017.18.3.115
  6. The Correlation between Radon (Rn222) and Particulate Matters (PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0) in Subway Tunnel in Seoul. vol.13, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11629/jpaar.2017.6.30.087
  7. 사이클론 전처리부를 지닌 터널집진차량의 집진효율 최적화 vol.19, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2018.19.3.679
  8. Behavior and Exposure of Chalk Dust during Classroom Teaching vol.13, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2019.13.4.240
  9. Implementation of IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring System for Investigating Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) in Subway Tunnels vol.17, pp.15, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155429