한국산림과학회지 (Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science)

한국산림과학회 (Korean Society of Forest Science)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

산양삼 혼입 숙성 감식초 섭취에 의한 식이 제한 흰쥐의 지방 저장 및 에너지 대사 단백질 발현

Mountain-cultivated Ginseng Ripened into Persimmon Vinegar Ingestion on Fat Storage and Metabolic Protein Expression in Diet-controlled Rats

  • 이인호 (경북대학교 레저스포츠학과) ;
  • 김판기 (경북대학교 생태시스템학부) ;
  • 류승필 (경북대학교 레저스포츠학과)
  • Lee, In-Ho (Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Pan-Ki (School of Ecological & Environmental Systems, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Ryu, Sungpil (Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University)
  • 투고 : 2014.08.04
  • 심사 : 2014.09.15
  • 발행 : 2015.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 4년근 산양삼을 4년 숙성된 감식초에 22주간 혼입숙성하여 만든 산양삼감식초(가칭: 산삼초)를 활용하여 식이제한을 하였을 때 나타나는 비만관련 요소들을 분석하였다. 웅성 흰쥐 63마리를 대상으로 고지방식을 공급하면서 식후 2회, 6주간 산삼초를 경구투여하였다. 집단은 대조군, 제한식이군, 웨이트사이클링군으로 구분하였으며, 이를 다시 대조군, 산삼초 2.5배 희석 섭취군, 산삼초 5.0배 희석 섭취군으로 각각 구분하였다. 각 집단은 7마리씩으로 하였다. 6주간의 사육이 종료된 후, 복강내 지방(복막후지방, 장간막지방, 부고환지방)과 대사관련 단백질(AMPK, PPAR-${\alpha}$, CPT-1)의 발현을 분석하였다. 결과를 볼 때, 모든 집단에서 산삼초 섭취에 의한 지방저장량의 유의한 감소 또는 감소 경향이 나타났으며, 지방저장량의 총합계 역시 산삼초 섭취에 의해 증가가 억제되었다. 이와는 반대로 대사관련 단백질 발현은 모든 항목에서 산삼초 섭취에 의해 유의한 증가 혹은 증가 경향이 나타났다. 이 결과는 산삼초 섭취에 의한 에너지 대사의 효과적인 상승이 고지방식이 또는 식이제한을 하였을 경우에도 체내 지방 저장량의 증가를 억제하였다는 것이다. 즉, 비만의 가장 큰 문제점인 웨이트사이클링의 억제를 위한 좋은 기능성을 보유하고 있다고 판단된다. 이를 통하여 임업산물인 산양삼과 감식초의 융합소재인 산삼초를 비만억제 식품으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This research is to investigate the four years growth mountain-cultivated ginseng ripened twenty-two weeks into four years fermented persimmon vinegar (tentatively: Sansamcho) ingestion on obese-related factors during dietary control. The Sansamcho was ingested orally, two times a day, after every meal for six weeks to the male rats. Groups were divided into the control (CON), the restricted diet (RD), and the weight cycling (WC). And, each groups has its own sub-groups as the -control (-CON), 2.5 times diluted Sansamcho ingestion (-MPV2.5), and 5.0 times diluted Sansamcho ingestion (-MPV5.0) groups, respectively. The number of rat was consisted of seven in each group. After six weeks rearing periods was done, abdominal fats (retroperitoneal fat, mesentery fat, and epididymal fat) and energy metabolic-related protein (AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; PPAR-${\alpha}$: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\alpha}$; and CPT-1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1) were weighed and analyzed. Amount of stored fat was significantly or tended to decrease by Sansamcho ingestion. In addition, sum of fats increasing were suppressed by the material. On the contrary, energy metabolism-related protein expression was significantly increased or tended to increase by Sansamcho ingestion. This results suggested that increased energy metabolism using Sansamcho was restrained effectively visceral fat store by high-fat diet and/or dietary control. In other words, it has a good function to suppress weight cycling which is the most insoluble problem. Therefore, the fusion material, Sansamcho, may expect to utilize as the obese-suppression-food.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Balogh, J., Vizhul, A., Dunkin, B.J., Tariq, N., and Sherman, V. 2014. Clinical management of patients presenting with non-adjustable gastric band (NAGB) complications. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 87(2): 159-166.
  2. Barbosa-da-Silva, S., da Silva, N.C., Aguila, M.B., and Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C.A. 2013. Liver damage is not reversed during the lean period in diet-induced weight cycling in mice. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research doi: 10.1111/hepr.12138.
  3. Brockman, D.A., Chen, X., and Gallaher, D.D. 2014. Highviscosity dietary fibers reduce adiposity and decrease hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. Journal of Nutrition pii: jn.114.191577.
  4. Calzada, J., DeOlmo, A., Picon, A., Gaya, P., and Nunez, M. 2013. High-pressure processing decelerates lipolysis and formation of volatile compounds in ovine milk blue-veined cheese. Journal of Dairy Science 96(12): 7500-7510. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7221
  5. Dankel, S.N., Degerud, E.M., Borkowski, K., Fjaere, E., Midtbo, L.K., Haugen, C., Solsvik, M.H., Lavigne, A.M., Liaset, B., Sagen, J.V., Kristiansen, K., Mellgren, G., and Madsen, L. 2014. Weight cycling promotes fat gain and altered clock gene expression in adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 306(2): 210-224.
  6. de Castro, U.G., dos Santos, R.A., Silva, M.E., de Lima, W.G., Campagnole-Santos, M.J., and Alzamora, A.C. 2013. Agedependent effect of high-fructose and high-fat diets on lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in liver and kidney of rats. Lipids in Health and Disease 12: 136. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-12-136
  7. Fang, Y., Qi, W., Ming, L., Wenbin, C., Yongfeng, S., Fei, J., Laicheng, W., Yanliang, L., Tao, B., Jie, Z., Tingting, W., Wei, X., Chunxiao, Y., Qingbo, G., Xinli, Z., Ling, G., Chao, X., and Jiajun, Z. 2014. Thyrotropin increases hepatic triglyceride content through upregulation of SREBP-1c activity. Journal of Hepatology pii: S0168-8278(14)00468-1.
  8. Gao, Y., Yang, M.F., Su, Y.P., Jiang, H.M., You, X.J., Yang, Y.J., and Zhang, H.L. 2013. Ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through activation of PPAR- pathway and inhibition of TNF-a production. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 147(2): 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.057
  9. Han, J.M., Kim, H.G., Lee, J.S., Choi, M.K., Kim, Y.A., and Son, C.G. 2014. Repeated sense of hunger leads to the development of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome in a mouse model. PLoS One 9(5): e98276. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098276
  10. Hurt, R.T., Edakkanambeth, Varayil, J., and Ebbert, J.O. 2014. New pharmacological treatments for the management of obesity. Current Gastroenterology Reports 16(6): 394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-014-0394-0
  11. Hwang, J.T., Kim, S.H., Lee, M.S., Kim, S.H., Yang, H.J., Kim, M.J., Kim, H.S., Ha, J., Kim, M.S., and Kwon, D.Y. 2007. Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 364(4): 1002-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.125
  12. Jauch-Chara, K., and Oltmanns, K.M. 2014. Obesity--a neuropsychological disease? Systematic review and neuropsychological model. Progress in Neurobiology 114: 84-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.001
  13. Jeon, B.D., Kim, P.G., and Ryu, S. 2012. Change of ripened persimmon vinegar with mountain ginseng ingestion on energy metabolism in rats. Journal of Korean Forest Society 101(3): 517-525.
  14. Jeon, B. D., Kim, P.G., and Ryu, S. 2013. Ripened persimmon vinegar with mountain-cultivated ginseng ingestion reduce blood lipids and enhance anti-oxidants capacity in rats. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(2): 182-188.
  15. Jung, M.H., Seong, P.N., Kim, M.H., Myong, N.H., 2013. Chang, M.J. Effect of green tea extract microencapsulation on hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular tissues in high fructose-fed rats. Nutrition Research and Practice 7(5): 366-372. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2013.7.5.366
  16. Kim, M.S., Lee, K.T., Iseli, T.J., Hoy, A.J., George, J., Grewal, T., and Roufogalis, B.D. 2013. Compound K modulates fatty acid-induced lipid droplet formation and expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Liver International 33(10): 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12287
  17. Kondo, T., Kishi, M., Fushimi, T., and Kaga, T. 2009. Acetic acid upregulates the expression of genes for fatty acid oxidation enzymes in liver to suppress body fat accumulation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57(13): 5982-5986. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900470c
  18. Kwon, D.K., Kang, J.Y., Song, Y.J., Kim, P.G., Seo, H.B., and Ryu, S. 2012. Effects of mountain ginseng-added high fat diet on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protein expression of skeletal muscle in rats. Journal of Korean Forest Society 101(1): 69-76.
  19. Landa, V., Zidek, V., Mlejnek, P., Simakova, M., Silhavy, J., Trnovska, J., Kazdova, L., and Pravenec, M. Sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 overexpression is associated with reduced adipogenesis and ectopic fat accumulation in transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiological research [Epub ahead of print].
  20. Lee, G.R., Shin, M.K., Yoon, D.J., Kim, A.R., Yu, R., Park, N.H., and Han, I.S. 2013. Topical application of capsaicin reduces visceral adipose fat by affecting adipokine levels in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Obesity 21(1): 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20246
  21. Li, H., Min, Q., Ouyang, C., Lee, J., He, C., Zou, M.H., and Xie, Z. 2014. AMPK activation prevents excess nutrientinduced hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta pii: S0925-4439(14)00213-0.
  22. Li, X., Chen, H., Guan, Y., Li, X., Lei, L., Liu, J., Yin, L., Liu, G., and Wang, Z. 2013. Acetic acid activates the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. PLoS One 8(7): e67880. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067880
  23. Ludwig, T., Worsch, S., Heikenwalder, M., Daniel, H., Hauner, H., and Bader, B.L. 2013. Metabolic and immunomodulatory effects of n-3 fatty acids are different in mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 304(11): 1140-1156. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00171.2012
  24. McCarty, M.F. 2014. AMPK activation--protean potential for boosting healthspan. Age 36(2): 641-663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9595-y
  25. Mori, M.A., Thomou, T., Boucher, J., Lee, K.Y., Lallukka, S., Kim, J.K., Torriani, M., Yki-Jarvinen, H., Grinspoon, S.K., Cypess, A.M., and Kahn, C.R. 2014. Altered miRNA processing disrupts brown/white adipocyte determination and associates with lipodystrophy. Journal of Clinical Investigation pii: 73468.
  26. Ng, T.B., Wong, C.M., and Yeung, H.W. 1986. Effect of ginsenosides Rg1, Rc and Rb2 on hormone-induced lipolysis and lipogenesis in rat epididymal fat cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 16(2-3): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90089-9
  27. Ogawa, T., Shibato, J., Rakwal, R., Saito, T., Tamura, G., Kuwagata, M., and Shioda, S. 2014. Seeking genes responsible for developmental origins of health and disease from the fetal mouse liver following maternal food restriction. Congenital Anomalies doi: 10.1111/cga.12062.
  28. Ok, E., Do, G.M., Lim, Y., Park, J.E., Park, Y.J., and Kwon, O. 2013. Pomegranate vinegar attenuates adiposity in obese rats through coordinated control of AMPK signaling in the liver and adipose tissue. Lipids in Health and Disease 12: 163. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-12-163
  29. Pires, R.C., Souza, E.E., Vanzela, E.C., Ribeiro, R.A., Silva-Santos, J.C., Carneiro, E.M., Boschero, A.C., and Amaral, M.E. 2014. Short-term calorie restriction improves glucose homeostasis in old rats: involvement of AMPK. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 21: 1-7.
  30. Ramage, S., Farmer, A., Apps E.ccles, K., and McCargar, L. 2014. Healthy strategies or successful weight loss and weight maintenance: a systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39(1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0026
  31. Rame, J.E., Barouch, L.A., Sack, M.N., Lynn, E.G., Abu-Asab, M., Tsokos, M., Kern, S.J., Barb, J.J., Munson, P.J., Halushka, M.K., Miller, K.L., Fox-Talbot, K., Zhang, J., Hare, J.M., Solomon, M.A., and Danner, R.L. 2011. Caloric restriction in leptin deficiency does not correct myocardial steatosis: failure to normalize PPARa/PGC1a and thermogenic glycerolipid/fatty acid cycling. Physiological Genomics 43(12): 726-738. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00088.2010
  32. Ryu, S., Kim, C., and Bae, E.H. 2013. Development of Antiobesity Foods and Programs by Using Fusion Ingredients of Mountain-cultivated Ginseng and Persimmon Vinegar. Forest Service Report pp. 2.
  33. Samms, R.J., Fowler, M.J., Cooper, S., Emmerson, P., Coskun, T., Adams, A.C., Kharitonenkov, A., Tsintzas, K., and Ebling, F.J. 2014. Photoperiodic regulation of FGF21 production in the Siberian hamster. Hormones and Behavior 66(1): 180-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.013
  34. Seo, H.B., Nam, J.O., Jeon, B.D., Kim, P.G., and Ryu, S. 2012. Persimmon Vinegar Ingestion before Endurance Exercise on Energy Substrates Utilization. Journal of Korean Forest Society 101(4): 626-634.
  35. Seo, H.B., Song, Y.J., Kang, J.Y., Kwon, D.K., Kim, P.G., and Ryu, S. 2011. The study of persimmon vinegar as a functional drink on reduce blood lipids and enhance exercise performance. Journal of Korean Forest Society 100(2): 232-239.
  36. Seo, K.I., Lee, J., Choi, R.Y., Lee, H.I., Lee, J.H., Jeong, Y.K., Kim, M.J., and Lee, M.K. 2014. Anti-obesity and antiinsulin resistance effects of tomato vinegar beverage in diet-induced obese mice. Food & Function [Epub ahead of print]
  37. Shang, W.B., Yu, X.Z., Wang, G.Q., and Zhao, J. 2013. Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in ameliorating insulin resistance and ectopic fat deposition in obese mice induced by high fat diet. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 38(23): 4119-4123.
  38. Shen, L., Xiong, Y., Wang, D.Q., Howles, P., Basford, J.E., Wang, J., Xiong, Y.Q., Hui, D.Y., Woods, S.C., and Liu, M. 2013. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats. Journal of Lipid Research 54(5): 1430-1438. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M035907
  39. Siraj, F.M., Sathishkumar, N., Kim, Y.J., Kim, S.Y., and Yang, D.C. 2014. Ginsenoside F2 possesses anti-obesity activity via binding with PPAR and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry [Epub ahead of print]
  40. Song, A., Wang, C., Ren, L., and Zhao, J. 2014. Swimming improves high-fat induced insulin resistance by regulating lipid and energy metabolism and the insulin pathway in rats. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 33(6): 1671-1679.
  41. Torrens, J.M., Konieczna, J., Palou, M., Sanchez, J., Pico, C., and Palou, A. 2014. Early biomarkers identified in a rat model of a healthier phenotype based on early postnatal dietary intervention may predict the response to an obesogenic environment in adulthood. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 25(2): 208-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.009
  42. Tzeng, T.F., Lu, H.J., Liou, S.S., Chang, C.J., and Liu, I.M. 2012. Vinegar-Baked Radix Bupleuri regulates lipid disorders via a pathway dependent on peroxisome-proliferatoractivated receptor-a in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012: 827278.
  43. Wong, A.L., Seng, K.Y., Ong, E.M., Wang, L.Z., Oscar, H., Cordero, M.T., Copones, R., Fan, L., Tan, S.H., Goh, B.C., and Lee, S.C. 2014. Body fat composition impacts the hematologic toxicities and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in Asian breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 144(1): 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2843-8

피인용 문헌

  1. Land Suitability Evaluation for Wild-Simulated Ginseng Cultivation in South Korea vol.10, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020094