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Analysis of the Science Words Used by Science Teachers in Teaching the Unit of 'Force and Motion'

중학교 과학 교사가 '힘과 운동' 단원 수업 중에 사용하는 과학용어 분석

  • Received : 2015.01.19
  • Accepted : 2015.03.24
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

In science classrooms, using science terminology is a very important aspect of communications between science teachers and students, as well as in the science learning of students. This study was conducted to investigate the usage of the science terminology in the lectures of science teachers, and identify the problem in the aspect of both communication and teaching. To do this, we have recorded 13 hours of class teaching 'Motion' part in unit of 'Force and Motion' from three science teachers, and extracted science terminologies from the science teachers' lectures by using an analysis program. We performed qualitative analysis, such as kind of science terminology used, and linkage between curriculum and textbook, and quantitative analysis, such as number of science terminology, and frequency of use. With respect to communication, there appears some problems in its proportion in the teacher's lecture in class. It is deemed that science terminology in teachers' lectures were too many, that the frequency of usage of important conceptual terminology was low, and that teachers use higher level terminologies to explain key concepts. And in respect to science learning, there were problems where terminologies including important concepts were used separately by the teachers and textbooks, terminologies of higher level concept were used, and there might be differences between teachers in majority of teachers.

과학 교실에서 과학용어는 교사와 학생의 의사소통 측면과 학생들의 과학 학습 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 실제 과학 수업 속 과학 교사의 발화에서 과학용어들이 사용되는 실태를 구체적으로 살펴보고 학생과의 의사소통 측면 및 효과적인 설명 전략의 측면에서 어떠한 문제점이 있는지 알아보고자 실시되었다. 3명의 과학 교사로부터 중학교 '힘과 운동' 단원 가운데 '운동' 부분에 해당하는 13차시 수업을 녹음한 뒤, 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 과학용어를 추출하고 사용하는 과학용어의 종류, 교육과정과 교과서와의 연계 등의 질적분석 및 사용하는 과학용어의 수, 사용 빈도 등의 양적 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 의사소통의 측면에서는 수업 중 교사 발화의 비율이 너무 높고, 발화 가운데 과학용어가 차지하는 비율이 높았으며, 중요한 과학용어의 사용 빈도가 낮은 편이고, 주요 개념을 설명하기 위해 더 높은 수준의 단어를 사용하고 있는 등의 문제가 드러났다. 또 과학학습의 측면에서는 주요 개념을 담은 용어들의 사용이 교사 및 교과서에 따라 선택적으로 이루어지고 있었고, 개념의 위계상 상위 교육과정에서 다루는 용어가 혼용되고 있었으며, 전공 교사와 비전공 교사 사이의 차이 등이 문제점으로 드러났다.

Keywords

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  2. 네트워크 분석을 통한 국내 과학교육 질적 연구동향 분석 vol.10, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15523/jksese.2017.10.3.290