DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of the Noble Eight Fold Path Oriented Meditation Activity on Young Children's Morality and Sociability

팔정도지향 명상활동이 유아의 도덕성 및 사회성에 미치는 효과

  • Received : 2014.11.04
  • Accepted : 2015.02.12
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the noble eight fold oriented meditation activities(NEFOM) interacts with young children's development of morality and sociability. This research has 56 participants aged 5 with a control group of 28 young children and another group with 28 kids. The instrument is a meditation program consisted with 10 training sessions; the noble eight fold was intensively applied and encouraged the participants to think of the behaviors that are desired in this theoretical framework. For the purpose, the research questions are as follows: First, are there effects of NEFOM on the morality of preschoolers. Second, are there effects of NEFOM on the sociality of preschooler. Main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, NEFOM can improve preschoolers' morality in a sense of making a decision based upon its right and wrong in intentions, rather than immediate gain and loss as a consequence of their actions. Second, NEFOM can facilitate sociability by providing some opportunities to feel joy, happiness, tranquility, and hopeful emotions, instead of negative feelings of depression, stress, and aggressiveness. Furthermore, it can suggest concrete behavioral directions for them. To summarize, the meditation activities designed by the eight principles of the noble eight fold have strong educational potential to facilitate seeking the foundations of mindsets and thus have positive impacts on young children's morality and sociability by encouraging them to think through the principles and concrete directions for the behaviors.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, Sook-Nye(2003). Effect of yoga asana program on the improvement of children's attention. Unpublished master's thesis, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
  2. Ahn, Yong-Ja(1995). Study on relationships between the parental attitude and the moral development of the children. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
  3. Back, Mi-Hwa(2009). The effects of brain education program on moral development of elementary school children. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Brain Education, Seoul, Korea.
  4. Chae, Young-Moon(2009). The effects of children's intelligence, temperament and mother's child-rearing attitude on their children's social development. Unpublished master's thesis, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea.
  5. Cheon, Kang-Rai(1982). Effect of Meditation on stability. Unpublished master's thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  6. Choi, Hyeon(1992). The effects of meditation practice by Korean Seon and Kuck-Seon-Do on the junior school students' self-concept, anxiety and aggression. Unpublished master's thesis, Jeonnam National University, Jeonnam, Korea.
  7. Choi, Bit-Nae & Kim, Nam-Jae(2010). The development and effects of the moral improvement group counseling program for conduct disorder tendency in adolescence: Focused on Wilson's moral components. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 7(3), 353-369. https://doi.org/10.16983/kjsp.2010.7.3.353
  8. Choi, Hyo-Soon(2004). The effect of Buddhist meditation on young children's pro social-behaviors. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  9. Choi, Heung-Su(1999). A study on the effect of religious education on the moral development : centered on religious education of middle school. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
  10. Choi, Yun-Sung(2000). A study on relationship between elementary students' sports participation and moral development. Unpublished master's thesis, Suwon University, Gyeonggi, Korea.
  11. Ha, Su-yeon., & Jeong, Seo-Mok(2012). Study on undertones for personality education of the noble eight-fold path. The Korean MeFOT Creativity Personality Research, 1(1), 153-173.
  12. Ha, Jung-A(1998). A study of relationship between types of paternal behavior and moral development of infants. Unpublished master's thesis, Gyeonggi University, Seoul, Korea.
  13. Han, Eun-Jung(2012). The relation on consciousness and morality of human: By the position of Bertrand Russell. The Korean Journal of Ethics & Culture Research, 8, 90-124.
  14. Jang, Hyoun-Kab(2004). Therapeutic application of meditation to the stress-related disorders. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 9(2), 471-492.
  15. Jeon, Gyeong-Soog(2011). Effects of the Praise Activity Program on the Self-Esteem and the Social Behaviors of Kindergartener. Unpublished master's thesis, Gongju National University, Chungnam, Korea.
  16. Jeong, Seong-Hee(2006). Effect of educational inclusion on the unhandicapped children in preference to handicapped children and care-oriented moral development. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
  17. Jeong, Su-Jin(2011). The effect of naturalistic intelligence-centered learning program on primary pupils' morality and social ability. Unpublished master's thesis, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk, Korea.
  18. Jeong, Yoo-Ra(2010). Effect of meditation activity on the improvement of young children self-regulation ability. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  19. Jeong, Yoon-Ju(2010). The effects of children's intelligence, temperament and mother's child-rearing attitude on their children's social development. Unpublished master's thesis, Kangnam University, Seoul, Korea.
  20. Jung, Mi-Hee(2009). Recovery of morality with yoga and meditation in moral education of secondary grade. Unpublished master's thesis, Wonkwang University, Jeonju, Korea.
  21. Kang, Hye-Jeong & Jo, Soon-Mook(2012). The effects of the physical teaching strategy for the development of elementary school student's cognitive behavioral morality. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 12(4), 71-79.
  22. Kang, In-Eon.Lee, Han-Woo & Jung, Jung-Ran. (2009). Child Development. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  23. Kang, In-eon.Lee, Han-Woo, & Jung, Jung-Ran. (2009). Child Development. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  24. Kang, Keong-Yok(2000). The Effect of Meditation Using the Brain-respiration Technique on Ability of Concentration of Attention and Self-actualization of Adolescents. Unpublished master's thesis, Busan National University, Busan, Korea.
  25. Kim, Jung-Ae(2005). The effect of self-growth group counseling program on the low achiever's self-esteem and sociality. Unpublished master's thesis, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.
  26. Kim, Ji-Hyoun(2003). A study on the development of children's emotion through Buddhist meditation. Unpublished master's thesis, Donkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  27. Kim, Jung-Suk(2002). The effect of breath-counting meditation on the 6th-grade students' stress. Unpublished master's thesis, Sila University, Busan, Korea.
  28. Kim, Ki-Suk(1978). A psychological study on meditation. Behavioral Science Research Center, 3(1), 1-24.
  29. Kim, Myeong-Sook(2008). A Study on the Relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude, Early Childhood Temperament, Emotional Intelligence, and Sociality. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Korea.
  30. Kim, Moon-Young(2013). The relationship between elementary school students' experiences in character education program and their moral development. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  31. Kim, O-Soon(2006). Effects of young children's meditation activities on their self-esteem, ability to adapt to kindergarten, stress, & aggression. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea.
  32. Kim, Tae-Hoon(2008). Moral development and education. Seoul: Ingansarang.
  33. Kim, Young-Chae(2004). The effects of the meditation on improvement of the attention and the self-esteem of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder children. Unpublished master's thesis, Busan National University, Busan, Korea.
  34. Kim, Youn-Hee(2004). Effects of Integrative Art Therapy Including Meditation on Self-Esteem of Adults. Unpublished master's thesis, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea.
  35. Kim, Young-Yock(1998). Kindergarten curriculum for anti-bias education. Korean Scholarship Association for Children, 67-95.
  36. Korean Ministry of Education(2008). Kindergarten Curriculum. Seoul: Korean Ministry of Education.
  37. Kwak, Eun-Hee (2011). Study on the relationship among father's participation in childcare, gender role stereotypes, and infant sociality. Unpublished master's thesis, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
  38. Kweon, Eun-Ju(1999). Theory of Buddism and Children. Seoul: Yangseowon.
  39. Lee, Kyoung-Nam(2009). Analysis of factor that meditation activity centering around domain affects the self-control ability and view receptivity of baby. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Dongkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  40. Lee, Ki-Woo(1982). The relationships between egocentricnonegocentric thinking and moral judgment of children. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
  41. Lee, Don-Hee(1996). Theory of Morality Education. Seoul: Kyoyook Books.
  42. Rhee, Mi-Soon(2001). Research on correlation between parental verbal control types and infants moral development level. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  43. Lee, Su-Kyung(2006). A Case Study on Early Child Meditation for Ecological Art Activities. Art Education Review, 26, 267-293.
  44. Lee, Won-Kyung(2002). Effect of breath-counting meditation on self-efficacy of middle school students. Unpublished master's thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  45. Lee, Won-Young.Park, Chan-Yock & Noh, Young- Hee(1993). Study on the development of social development program of children. The Korea Journal of Early Childhood Education, 13, 65-92.
  46. Lee, Yoon-Hee(2013). An analysis on school education factors influencing on students' character : focused on moral & social dimensions, self-esteem. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  47. Lee, Eun-Ha(1995). Assessment and measurement of child development. Seoul: Kyomusa.
  48. Lee, Jung-Su(2010). The Implication of The eight noble path in Buddhism and Vipassana meditation in Children Education. Korean journal of religious education, 33, 299-323.
  49. Lee, Jung-Eun(2010). A study on the application of meditation in modern psychology and medical science: With a focus on mindfulness meditation and transpersonal psychology and psychiatry. Unpublished master's thesis, Dongkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  50. Lee, Min-Ji(2009). The effects of integrative education by artistic meditation on development of children's morality. Unpublished master's thesis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
  51. Moon, Kyoung-Rim(1997). The effect of mediation to the attention & aggression of children. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  52. Moon, Mi-Ock(1983). A study on the paternal role affecting children in the early childhood. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  53. Moon, Mi-Hee(2007). Effect of professional morality education program for preservice teachers on the development of four component of morality. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 7(1), 165-188.
  54. Moon, Yong-Rin(2000). Theory of Kohlberg's moral development. Seoul: Acanet.
  55. Oh, Gap-Rye(2002). A study on the differences in moral development of adolescents by the parents' rearing behaviors and gender. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, Korea.
  56. Oh, Jeung-Kyo(2009). The effect of a topic-centered reading activity on elementary school student's moral development. Unpublished master's thesis, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
  57. Park, Moon-Ja(2012). The effect of MeFOT based peer-relationship training on young children's self-esteem and sociability. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.
  58. Park, Min-Jee(2006). The effects of meditation-based art activities on self-concept and creative art expression in young children. Unpublished master's thesis, Donkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  59. Park, Sang-Lan(2002). The effects of socio-moral development program based on Fr. Youn Eul-Sou's educational thought in the prosocial-moral reasoning of 5-year-old young children. Unpublished master's thesis, Seowon University, Chungbuk, Korea.
  60. Park, Young-Tae(2013). Think magnet for creativity and personality. The Korean MeFOT Creativity Personality Research, 2(1), 5-28.
  61. Park, Jong-Soo(2012). The effect of mother's faith maturity, religious education and parental role satisfaction on the morality of children -Focus on mother, a catholic-. Unpublished master's thesis, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
  62. Park, Chan-Uk(2010). Study on the development and effectiveness of buddhist counseling program: centered on the early buddhism. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Dongkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  63. Park, Hyun-Jeong(2003). The beginning of interaction between child and teacher, and participants' temperament and socio-emotional behavior. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  64. Sa, Sang-Soon(2006). The physical activity program influence on the students' making good use of spare time and the moral it. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Chosun University, Kwhangju, Korea.
  65. Seo, Hyeong-Duck(2012). Relationship between college students' Volunteer Experience and their citizenship, sociality and morality. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Dankook University, Seoul, Korea.
  66. Shin, Sun-Mi(2003). The effect physical activity affect on the aggression and morality of male high school students. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
  67. Suh, Kang-Sik(2009). Morality and moral thinking. The Journal of Moral Education, 31, 57-86.
  68. Sung, Hyoun-Young(2012). An empirical study on moral development of special children through music therapy: Focused on the ADHD, mental retardation, and autism Disorder. Unpublished doctor's thesis, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
  69. Sung, Mi-Ok(2003). Study on the development of a compliment program for the improvement of elementary school students' self-esteem and school satisfaction and its effects. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul National University of Education, Seoul, Korea.
  70. Sung, Tae-Jae(1995). Reliability & Validity. Seoul: Yangseowon.
  71. Ye, Yoon-Kum(2005). Yoga for children. Seoul: Art & Books.
  72. Ashely, M. B. & Sheila, M. E.(2006). Parent-child interaction therapy and ethnic minority children. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 1(3), 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450120600973577
  73. Barnes, H. L. & Olson, D. H.(1982). Parent adolescent communication scales. In D. H. Olson (Ed.), Family inventories (pp. 33-48). St. Paul, MN: Family Social Science, University of Minnesota.
  74. Bennett, P.(1989). Is praise ALWAYS positive? Connection (TMEC-MENC), 3(2), 12-13.
  75. Bernstein, B. A.(1971). Class, Codes and Control: Theorical studies toward the sociology of language. London: Routledge & Kegan Poul.
  76. Block, J. H. Block, J. & Morrison, A.(1981). Parental agreement-disagreement on child-rearing orientations and gender-related personality correlates in children. Child Development, 52(2), 965-974. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129101
  77. Brophy, J. E.(1981). Teacher praise: A functional analysis. Review of Educational Research, 51, 5-32. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543051001005
  78. Clark, K. E. & Ladd, G. W.(2000). Connectedness and autonomy support in parent-child relationships: Links to children's socioemotional orientation and peer relationships. Developmental Psychology, 25, 485-498.
  79. Ginott, H.(1972). Teacher and Child. NY: Macmillan.
  80. Hebble, P. W.(1971). The development of elementary school child's judgement of intent. Child Development, 42(6), 1203-1215. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127804
  81. Katz, L. G. & Chard, C. S.(2000). The project approach, In J. L. Roopnaine & J. E. Johnson (Eds.), Approaches to early childhood education (3rd ed.) (175-189). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hill.
  82. Katz, L. G. & McClellan, D. E.(1997). Fostering children's social competence: The Teacher's role. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children. ED 413 073.
  83. Kohlberg, L.(1964). Development of moral character and moral ideology, Review of Child Development Research, M. L., Hoffman & L, W. Hoffman(Eds.), NY: Russel Sage Foundation.
  84. Kohlberg, L.(1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Lickona (Eds.), Moral development and behavior. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  85. Lieberman, A. F.(1997). Preschoolers' Competence with a peer : Relation with Attachment and Peer Experience. Child Development, 48, 1277-1287.
  86. Maccoby, E. E.(1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28(6), 1006-1017. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1006
  87. Maccoby, E. E. & Martin, J. A.(1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. Mussen (Seris Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Vol Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology, 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). NY: John Wiley & Son.
  88. Mcginnis, E. & Goldstein, A. P.(1990). Skill streaming in early childhood: Teaching prosocial skills to preschool and kindergarten child. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
  89. Piaget, J.(1965). The Moral Judgement of the Child. NY: Free Press.
  90. Piaget, J.(1972). The Moral Judgement of the Child. London: Routlede & Kegan Paul.
  91. Symonds, P. H.(1949). The dynamics of parent-child relationships. NY: Harper and Row.
  92. Toffler, A.(2006), Revolutionary wealth. New Perspectives Quarterly, 23, 7-15.
  93. Walsh, R. N.(1982). A Model for viewing meditation research. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 14(1), 69-84.
  94. Weir, J. P.(2005). Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29, 231-240.
  95. Youniss, J. E.(1980). Parents and peers in social development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.