참고문헌
- Abergel D S L, Russell A, and Fal'ko V I (2007) Visibility of a graphene flake on a dielectric substrate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 063125. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2768625
- Alden J S, Tsen A W, Huang P Y, Hovden R, Brown L, Park J, Muller D A, and McEuen P L (2013) Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 11256-11260. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1309394110
- Avetisyan A A, Partoens B, and Peeters F M (2010) Stacking order dependent electric field tuning of the band gap in graphene multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 81, 115432. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.115432
- Bae S, Kim H, Lee Y, Xu X, Park J S, Zheng Y, Balakrishnan J, Lei T, Kim H R, Song Y I, Kim Y J, Kim K S, Ozyilmaz B, Ahn J H, Hong B H, and Iijima S (2010) Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 574-578. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.132
- Bhaviripudi S, Jia X, Dresselhaus M S, and Kong J (2010) Role of kinetic factors in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of uniform large area graphene using copper catalyst. Nano Lett. 10, 4128-4133. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102355e
- Blakea P, Hill E W, Castro Neto A H, Novoselov K S, Jiang D, Yang R, Booth T J, and Geim A K (2007) Making graphene visible. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 063124. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2768624
- Brown L, Hovden R, Huang P, Wojcik M, Muller D A, and Park J (2012) Twinning and twisting of tri-and bilayer graphene. Nano Lett. 12, 1609-1615. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204547v
- Cao H, Yu Q, Jauregui L A, Tian J, Wu W, Liu Z, Jalilian R, Benjamin D K, Jiang Z, Bao J, Pei S S, and Chen Y P (2010) Electronic transport in chemical vapor deposited graphene synthesized on Cu: quantum hall effect and weak localization. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 122106. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3371684
- Castro E, Novoselov K, Morozov S, Peres N, dos Santos J, Nilsson J, Guinea F, Geim A, and Neto A (2007) Biased bilayer graphene: semiconductor with a gap tunable by the electric field effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 216802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.216802
- Castro Neto A H, Guinea F, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S, and Geim A K (2009) The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109-162. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109
- Cockayne E, Rutter G M, Guisinger N P, Crain J N, First P N, and Stroscio J A (2011) Grain boundary loops in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 83, 195425. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195425
- Duong D L, Han G H, Lee S M, Gunes F, Kim E S, Kim S T, Kim H, Ta Q H, So K P, Yoon S J, Chae S J, Jo Y W, Park M H, Chae S H, Lim S C, Choi J Y, and Lee Y H (2012) Probing graphene grain boundaries with optical microscopy. Nature 490, 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11562
- Fei Z, Rodin A S, Gannett W, Dai S, Regan W, Wagner M, Liu M K, McLeod A S, Dominguez G, Thiemens M, Castro Neto A H, Keilmann F, Zettl A, Hillenbrand R, Fogler M M, and Basov D N (2013) Electronic and plasmonic phenomena at graphene grain boundaries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 821-825. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.197
- Ferrari A C, Meyer J C, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov K S, Roth S, and Geim A K (2006) Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401
- Geim A K (2009) Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324, 1530-1534. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158877
- Geim A K and Novoselov K S (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat. Mater. 6, 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849
- Grantab R, Shenoy V B, and Ruoff R S (2010) Anomalous strength characteristics of tilt grain boundaries in graphene. Science 330, 946-948. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196893
- Hashimoto A, Suenaga K, Gloter A, Urita K, and Iijima S (2004) Direct evidence for atomic defects in graphene layers. Nature 430, 870-873. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02817
- Hicks J, Sprinkle M, Shepperd K, Wang F, Tejeda A, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Bertran F, Le Fevre P, de Heer W A, Berger C, and Conrad E H (2011) Symmetry breaking in commensurate graphene rotational stacking: a comparison of theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. B 83, 205403. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205403
- Huang P Y, Ruiz-Vargas C S, van der Zande A M, Whitney W S, Levendorf M P, Kevek J W, Garg S, Alden J S, Hustedt C J, Zhu Y, Park J, McEuen P L, and Muller D A (2011) Grains and grain boundaries in singlelayer graphene atomic patchwork quilts. Nature 469, 389-393. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09718
- Kim C J, Brown L, Graham M W, Hovden R, Havener R W, McEuen P L, Muller D A, and Park J (2013) Stacking order dependent second harmonic generation and topological defect in h-BN bilayers. Nano Lett. 13, 5660-5665. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403328s
- Kim D W, Kim Y H, Jeong H S, and Jung H T (2012) Direct visualization of large-area graphene domains and boundaries by optical birefringency. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.198
- Kim J, Cote L J, Kim F, and Huang J (2009) Visualizing graphene based sheets by fluorescence quenching microscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 260-267.
- Kim J, Kim F, and Huang J (2010) Seeing graphite-based sheets. Materials Today 13, 28-38.
- Krasheninnikov A V, Lehtinen P O, Foster A S, Pyykko P, and Nieminen R M (2009) Embedding transition-metal atoms in graphene: structure, bonding, and magnetism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 126807. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.126807
- Lee G H, Cooper R C, An S J, Lee S, van der Zande A, Petrone N, Hammerberg A G, Lee C, Crawford B, Oliver W, Kysar J W, and Hone J (2013) High-strength chemical-vapor-deposited graphene and grain boundaries. Science 340, 1073-1076. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235126
- Lee S, Lee K, and Zhong Z (2010) Wafer scale homogeneous bilayer graphene films by chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett. 10, 4702-4707. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl1029978
- Lee S M, Kim S M, Na M Y, Chang H J, Kim K S, Yu H, Lee H J, and Kim J H (2005 accepted) Materialization of strained CVD-graphene using thermal mismatch. Accepted for publication in Nano Res.
- Li X, Cai W, An J, Kim S, Nah J, Yang D, Piner R, Velamakanni A, Jung I, Tutuc E, Banerjee S K, Colombo L, and Ruoff R S (2009) Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science 324, 1312-1314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171245
- Li X, Magnuson C W, Venugopal A, An J, Suk J W, Han B, Borysiak M, Cai W, Velamakanni A, Zhu Y, Fu L, Vogel E M, Voelkl E, Colombo L, and Ruoff R S (2010) Graphene films with large domain size by a twostep chemical vapor deposition process. Nano Lett. 10, 4328-4334. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101629g
- Liu Y and Yakobson B I (2010) Cones, pringles, and grain boundary landscapes in graphene topology. Nano Lett. 10, 2178-2183. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl100988r
- Lopes dos Santos J M B, Peres N M R, and Castro Neto A H (2007) Graphene bilayer with a twist: electronic structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 256802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.256802
- Lui C H, Li Z, Mak K F, Cappelluti E, and Heinz T F (2011) Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 7, 944-947. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2102
- Luican A, Li G, Reina A, Kong J, Nair R, Novoselov K, Geim A, and Andrei E (2011) Single-layer behavior and its breakdown in twisted graphene layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 126802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.126802
- Mas-Balleste R, Gomez-Navarro C, Gomez-Herrero J, and Zamora F (2011) 2D materials: to graphene and beyond. Nanoscale 3, 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00323A
- Mele E J (2010) Commensuration and interlayer coherence in twisted bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 81, 161405R. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.161405
- Ni Z H, Wang H M, Kasim J, Fan H M, Yu T, Wu Y H, Feng Y P, and Shen Z X (2007) Graphene thickness determination using reflection and contrast spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 7, 2758-2763. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071254m
- Ohta T, Bostwick A, Seyller, T, Horn K, and Rotenberg E (2006) Controlling the electronic structure of bilayer graphene. Science 313, 951-954. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130681
- Ping J and Fuhrer M S (2012) Layer number and stacking sequence imaging of few-layer graphene by transmission electron microscopy. Nano Lett. 12, 4635-4641. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl301932v
- Robertson A W, Bachmatiuk A, Wu Y A, Schaffel F, Rellinghaus B, Buchner B, Rummeli M H, and Warner J H (2011) Atomic structure of interconnected few-layer graphene domains. ACS Nano 5, 6610-6618. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn202051g
- Ryu G H, Park H J, Kim N Y, and Lee Z (2012) Atomic resolution imaging of rotated bilayer graphene sheets using a low kV aberrationcorrected transmission electron microscope. Appl. Microsc. 42, 218-222. https://doi.org/10.9729/AM.2012.42.4.218
- Shallcross S, Sharma S, Landgraf W, and Pankratov O (2011) Electronic structure of graphene twist stacks. Phys. Rev. B 83, 054502. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.054502
- Shi Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Zhang P, Shi X, and Hao Yue (2014 accepted) Synthesis of Multilayer graphene films on copper by modified chemical vapor deposition. Accepted for publication in Mater. Manuf. Process.
- Suarez Morell E, Vargas P, Chico L, and Brey L (2011) Charge redistribution and interlayer coupling in twisted bilayer graphene under electric fields. Phys. Rev. B 84, 195421. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.195421
- van der Zande A M, Huang P Y, Chenet D A, Berkelbach T C, You Y M, Lee G H, Heinz T F, Reichman D R, Muller D A, and Hone J C (2013) Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide. Nat. Mater. 12, 554-561. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3633
- Yan K, Peng H, Zhou Y, Li H, and Liu Z (2011) Formation of bilayer bernal graphene: layer-by-layer epitaxy via chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett. 11, 1106-1110. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl104000b
- Yazyev O V and Louie S G (2010) Electronic transport in polycrystalline graphene. Nat. Mater. 9, 806-809. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2830
- Zhang Y, Tang T T, Girit C, Hao Z, Martin M C, Zettl A, Crommie M F, Shen Y R, and Wang, F (2009) Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene. Nature 459, 820-823. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08105