한국조경학회지 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture)

  • 제43권1호
  • /
  • Pages.139-156
  • /
  • 2015
  • /
  • 1225-1755(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-9566(eISSN)
한국조경학회 (The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

조경교육에 있어 학습자 중심 스튜디오 수업의 쟁점

Issues of Learner-Centered Studio Classes in Landscape Architectural Education

  • 김아연 (서울시립대학교 조경학과)
  • Kim, Ah-Yeon (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Seoul)
  • 투고 : 2014.12.24
  • 심사 : 2015.02.11
  • 발행 : 2015.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

산업사회에서 지식기반사회로의 시대적 변화에 부응하는 새로운 조경전문가의 인재상과 핵심역량에 대한 정의가 필요한 시점에서 스튜디오 교육은 조경학과 교과과정에서 실천적 전문가를 양성하기 위한 핵심적인 교육방법론이다. 본 연구는 실무현장과 대학교육의 간극을 극복할 수 있는 스튜디오 수업의 의미와 주요 쟁점을 교육학적 접근을 통해 도출하여 스튜디오 수업을 재정비하기 위한 이론적 기초를 제공하고자 하였다. 조경의 외부적, 내부적 여건 변화와 교육의 관계성을 역량을 중심으로 살펴보고, 대학교육 패러다임의 변화와 스튜디오 교육을 학습자의 관점에서 고찰하며, 조경교육의 변화를 추적하여 현재 우리나라 조경 스튜디오 수업의 현주소를 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 우리나라 스튜디오 교육을 진단하기 위한 다섯 가지 쟁점을 도출하였다. 먼저 역량에 대한 총체적 접근의 필요성을 제기하였으며, 두 번째로 전체 교과과정에서 스튜디오 과목의 위상을 재정립하고 이론과목과의 연계성을 강화할 필요성을 제시하였다. 셋째, 현재 가장 활성화되어 있는 설계 스튜디오의 의미를 되짚어 학년별 차별화 전략을 도입할 필요성을 논의하였고, 네 번째로 스튜디오 방법론의 연구와 실천을 통한 실질적인 수업개선이 필요하다는 점을 제기하였다. 마지막으로 스튜디오의 현장성 강화 및 다양성 확보 전략 수립과 기반시설의 확충과 관련한 문제를 제시하였다.

The knowledge-based society of the 21st century requires a new kind of professional. Studio education has been the core pedagogical method to bridge the practical world and higher education in the field of landscape architecture. However, it is questioned whether studio classes have truly been performed from the learners' perspectives to solidify the competencies to meet the demands of the changing society. This study tries to draw key issues related to studio pedagogy in order to make a foundation for the improvement of studio classes in landscape architectural education. Five issues regarding landscape architectural studio education have been suggested through the literature review of three categories: the core competencies required for the future professionals, the pedagogical paradigm shift, and the changes along the evolution of landscape professions and curricula. The first issue is suggested as to approach the competencies from the holistic and systematic approach to define landscape architectural professionals for the 21st century. Second, studio classes should be redefined in the context of an entire curriculum, and, as a consequence, the linkage among the individual courses is found to be important. Third, design studio classes need to be restructured to have differentiated pedagogical objectives for the development of the learning phase. Fourth, it becomes crucial to research the pedagogical methodology and the reflective actions of instructors. Finally, it is required to think about what it means to be practical in the context of studio classes and the enhancement of educational infrastructure for the studio classes is to be important.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Adams, Robin S., Shanna R. Daly, Llewellyn M. Mann, and Gloria Dall'Alba(2011) Being a professional: Three lenses into design thinking, acting, and being. Design Studies 32: 588-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.07.004
  2. Albanese, M. A. and S. Mitchell(1993) Problem-based learning: A review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues. Academic medicine: Journal of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges 68(1): 52-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199301000-00012
  3. Alon-Mozes, Tal(2006) From 'reading' the landscape to 'writing' a garden. Journal of Landscape Architecture 1(1): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2006.9723362
  4. ASLA(2004) Landscape Architecture Body of Knowledge Study Report.
  5. Baek, Jeong-Hee, Kyu-Seoub Kim, and Jae-Keun Lee(2012) Study on redesign of landscape architect certification requirements by utilizing NCS. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 40(5): 129-139. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2012.40.5.129
  6. Baugher, Sherene and George Frantz(2013) The inlet valley project: Reflections on an early model for interdisciplinary and cross-cultural service-learning courses in landscape architecture. Landscape Journal 32(1): 113-130. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.32.1.113
  7. Boud, David(2000) Sustainable assessment: Rethinking assessment for the learning society. Studies in Continuing Education 22(2): 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/713695728
  8. Bransford, John D., Jeffery J. Franks, Nancy J. Vye, and Robert D. Sherwood(1989) New approaches to instruction: Because wisdom can't be told In Vosniadou, Stella & Ortony, Andrew Eds. Similarity and Analogical Reasoning. NewYork: Cambridge University Press. pp.470-497.
  9. Brocato, Kay(2009) Studio based learning: Proposing, critiquing, iterating our way to person-centeredness for better classroom management. Theory Into Practice 48(2): 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840902776459
  10. Brown, Kyle D. and Todd Jennings(2003) Social consciousness in landscape architecture education: Toward a conceptual framework. Landscape Journal 22(2): 99-112. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.22.2.99
  11. Burroughs, Susie, Kay Brocato, and Dana Franz(2009) Problem based and studio based learning: Approaches to promoting reform thinking among teacher candidates. National Forum of Teacher Education Journal 19(3): 1-15.
  12. Chang, Shenglin(2005) Seeing landscape through cross-cultural eyes: Embracing a transcultural lens toward multilingual design approaches in the landscape studio. Landscape Journal 24(2): 140-156. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.24.2.140
  13. Cho, Ji Young(2013) Customization and autonomy: Characteristics of the ideal design studio instructor in design education. Architectural Research 15(3): 123-132. https://doi.org/10.5659/AIKAR.2013.15.3.123
  14. Choi, Sang-Chul(1975) An analysis of curricula in the Korean education of landscape architecture. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 3(2): 59-67.
  15. Choi, Seok Hyeon(2010) The origins of Korean's educational system and its characteristics as the social structuring of labour supply. Journal of the Korean Association of Humanities and the Social Sciences 34(4): 65-91.
  16. Cross, Anita(1980) Design and general education. Design Studies 1(4): 202-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(80)90004-6
  17. Cross, Nigel(2011) Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work. Oxford: Berg.
  18. Dutton, Thomas A.(1987) Design and studio pedagogy. Journal of Architectural Education 41(1): 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1987.10758461
  19. ECLAS(2010) ECLAS Guidance on Landscape Architecture Education. http://www.www.eclas.org/accreditation-advice.php
  20. Eggen, P. and D. Kauchak(2001) Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
  21. Eisner, Elliot(2003) Artistry in education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 47(3): 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830308603
  22. Fein, Albert and Irving Crespi(1977) Research on the profession. Journal of Architectural Education 31(2): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1977.10758595
  23. Fein, Albert(1972) A study of the profession of landscape architecture: technical report. American Society of Landscape Architects Foundation. http://faculty.capd.ksu.edu/rolley/fein_intro&chapter1.pdf
  24. Forsyth, Ann, Henry Lu, and Patricia McGirr(1999) Inside the service learning studio in urban design. Landscape Journal 18(2): 166-178. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.18.2.166
  25. Frederickson, Mark(1990) Design juries: A study in lines of communication. Journal of Architectural Education 43(2): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1990.10758556
  26. Grunert, O'Brient, Judith, Barbara J. Millis, and Margaret W. Cohen (2008) The Course Syllabus: A Learning-Centered Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  27. Herrenkohl, Leslie R. and Veronique Mertl(2010) How Students Come to Be, Know, and Do: A Case for a Broad View of Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  28. Hewitt, Robert and Hala F. Nassar(2005) Assessing international education in contemporary landscape architecture. Landscape Journal 24(2): 185-197. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.24.2.185
  29. Hodges, Michael R. and Miriam E. Rutz(1997) An historical summary of the council of educators in landscape architecture. Landscape Journal 16(1): 108-114. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.16.1.108
  30. Hong, Kwang Pyo(2008) Landscape Architectural Education and Research in The Introduction, Promotion and the Vision of Korean. Landscape Architecture: 46-93.
  31. Hong, Youn-Soon(2006) A study on the development of landscape planning and design curriculum for practical practice: Using performance criteria of architectural education accreditation. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 34(1): 81-91.
  32. Hou, Jeffrey, Isami Kinoshita, and Ono Sawako(2005) Design collaboration in the space of cross-cultural flows. Landscape Journal 24(2): 125-139. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.24.2.125
  33. Hwang, Keewon(1983) Agenda for landscape architecture education in Korea: Its structure and major issues. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 11(1): 1-10.
  34. IFLA(2005) IFLA/UNESCO Charter for Landscape Architectural Education.
  35. Jeong, Eun I(2010) Perceptions by teachers and students of good teaching at college. Journal of Korean Association for Educational Methodology Studies 22(3): 25-44.
  36. Joo, Shin-Ha(2014) Practitioners' perception of landscape education in universities. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 42(3): 13-24. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2014.42.3.013
  37. Kang, Sun-Bo(2006) Ideas of university education reformin the knowledge-based society. The Journal of Research in Education 24: 49-71.
  38. Kim, Ah-Yeon(2010) Students' perception of landscape design studio education. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 38(2): 9-24.
  39. Kim, Dae-Hyun(2004) The differentiated contents &elements of outdoor space in apartment complex during the period of IMF: Focused on the advertisement of daily newspaper. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 32(4): 71-82.
  40. Kim, Yong Kee(1983) Study on the undergraduate education of landscape architecture in Korea. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 11(1): 11-22.
  41. Kim, Young-Aee(1998) Study on the improvement of architectural design studio based on cognition developments. Review of Architecture & Building Sciences 14(9): 35-42.
  42. Kim, Young-Aee(2006) A study of the design education of architecture in coming age. Review of Architecture & Building Sciences 22(10): 39-48.
  43. Klaus, Susan L.(1997) All in the family: The olmsted office and the business of landscape architecture. Landscape Journal 16(1): 80-95. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.16.1.80
  44. Kondolf, G. M., Louise A. Mozingo, Karl Kullmann, Joe R. McBride, and Anderson Shannah(2013) Teaching stream restoration: Experiences from interdiscipinary studio instruction. Landscape Journal 32(1): 95-112. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.32.1.95
  45. Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture(2013) Charter for Korean Landscape Architecture.
  46. Krauss, Jane and Suzie Boss(2013) Thinking through Project-Based Learning. Thousand Oaks: Corwin.
  47. Kuhn, Sarah(2001) Learning from the architecture studio: Implications for project-based pedagogy. International Journal of Engineering Education 17(4, 5): 349-352.
  48. Kvashny, Alon(1982) Enhancing creativity landscape architectural education. Landscape Journal 1(2): 104-112. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.1.2.104
  49. Lackney, Jeffrey A.(1999) A history of the studio-based learning model. retrieved from http://edi.msstate.edu/work/pdf/history_studio_based_learning.pdf
  50. Landscape Institute(2012) Landscape architecture's elements and areas of practice - an educational framework. retrieved from http://landscapeinstitute.org
  51. Lawson, Laura(2005) Dialogue through design: The east St. Louis neighborhood design workshop and south end neighborhood plan. Landscape Journal 24(2): 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.24.2.157
  52. Lee, Do-Young and Hyun-Mi Chung(2008) Investigating constructivist approach to design studio courses in universities of U.S.A and U.K. Review of Architecture & Building Sciences 24(6): 149-160.
  53. Lee, Myung-Kyun(2004) A study on the possibilities and the limitations of higher education reform by the logic of market approach. Yonsei Review of Educational Research 17(1): 139-167.
  54. Lee, Sang-Hun(2006) A study on origins of architectural design education and its transformation with focus on the development of design studio in a university setting. Review of Architecture &Building Sciences 22(3): 145-156.
  55. Lee, Suk-Jae, Yoo-Kyung Chang, Hun-Nam Lee, and Kwang-Yup Park(2003) A study on the development of life-skills: Communication, problem solving and self-directed learning. Korean Educational Development Institute.
  56. Levin, B. B. Ed.(2001) Using Problem-Based Learning in Teacher Education. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  57. McAvin, Margaret, Elizabeth K. Meyer, James Corner, Hamid Shirvani, Kenneth Helphand, Robert B. Riley, and Robert Scarfo(1991) Landscape architecture and critical inquiry. Landscape Journal 10: 155-172. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.10.2.155
  58. Melcher, Katherine(2013) Leaving the drafting table: Students' perspectives on the design-build experiences. Landscape Research Record 1: 72-82.
  59. Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl(2000) Behind the mask: A psychoanalytic perspective on interaction in the design studio. Journal of Architectural Education. 53(4): 194-206. https://doi.org/10.1162/104648800564608
  60. OECD(1999) Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators. Paris.
  61. OECD(2005) The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies Executive Summary. http://www.deseco.admin.ch/
  62. Oh, Ho Young(2006) University Ranking and Companies. Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training.
  63. Pae, Jeong-Hann(2003) Park Chung-Hee's thoughts on landscape architecture. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 31(4): 13-24.
  64. Park, Chul-Hong and Kyung-Hee Pyun(2004) The nature of liberal education with regard to the concept of vocation as the embodiment of ideal: An alternative to the traditional liberal education. The Korean Journal of Philosophy of Education 32: 239-259.
  65. Park, Eui Soo(2006) The essential problems and the directions of Korea university educational reform. The Korean Journal of Philosophy of Education 35: 31-47.
  66. Park, Min-Jeong(2008) A new approach to curriculum development in higher education: Competence-based curriculum. The Journal of Curriculum Studies 26(4): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.15708/kscs.26.4.200812.008
  67. Park, Se-Il(2002) Basic Subjects and Directions for Educational Reform in Park, in Se-Il et al. Reforming Schools in Korea : Beyond the Equalization Policy Debate. Korea Development Institute: 13-32.
  68. Park, Seong-Ik, Chul-Il Im, Jae Kyung Lee, and Jeong-Im Choi(2011) Educational Technological Understanding of Educational Methodology. Paju: Educational Science Press. (교육방법의 교육공학적 이해. 파주: 교육과학사.)
  69. Park, Soonae, Sungho Oh, and Hyewon Park(2010) Study on competency based higher education to meet the demand for talent. Modern Society and Public Administration 20(3): 171-197.
  70. Parvou, Sandra and Eunate Torres(2007) Landscoping. Journal of Landscape Architecture 2(1): 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2007.9723377
  71. Powers, Matthew N. and Jason B. Walker(2009) Twenty-five years of landscape journal: An analysis of authorship and article content. Landscape Journal 28(1-09): 96-110. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.28.1.96
  72. Quinlan, Ann, Nancy Marshall, and Linda Corkery(2007) Revealing Student Perceptions of Excellence in Student Design Projects. Connect ED 2007 International Conference on Design Education.
  73. Rho, Young-Hee(1976) The movement of current landscape architecture and landscape education. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 7: 31-38.
  74. Rice, Art(2007) Creating creativity in the design studio. CELA 2007: Negotiating Landscapes Proceedings. pp.159-172.
  75. Rotar, Sean, David Barbarash, Bernie Dahl, and Ann Hildner(2013) Improving learning through integrated project experiences. Landscape Research Record 1: 63-71.
  76. Sato Manabu(2010) 敎育の方法, 박찬영 역(2011) 아이들을 어떻게 가르칠 것인가. 서울: 도서출판 살림터.
  77. Schon, Donald(1985) The Design Studio: An Exploration of its Traditions and Potentials, London: RIBA Publications Limited.
  78. Seo, Kyoung-Hye(2004) The perspectives and conceptions about good instructional practice: An interview study of teachers and students. The Journal of Curriculum Studies 22(4): 165-187.
  79. Swaffield, Simon(2002) Social change and the profession of landscape architecture in the twenty-first century. Landscape Journal 21(1): 183-189. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.21.1.183
  80. Tasker, Tammy(2011) Designing Landscape and Creating Selves: Learning in Design Studios. Ph.D Dissertation. University of Washington College of Education.
  81. Till, Jeremy(2005) Lost Judgement in E. Harder(Ed.), EAAE Prize 2003-2005Writings in Architectural Education. (1st edition) Copenhagen:EAAE, 164-181.
  82. University of Seoul(2014) University Course List, Department of Landscape Architecture.
  83. Wagner, Mimi and Ann Gansemer-Topf(2005) Learning by teaching others: A qualitative study exploring the benefits of peer teaching. Landscape Journal 24(2): 198-208. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.24.2.198
  84. Walliss, Jillian, Zaneta Hong, Heike Rahmann, and Jorg Sieweke(2014) Pedagogical foundations: Deploying digital techniques in design/research practice. Journal of Landscape Architecture 9(3): 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2015.968421
  85. Ward, A.(1990) Ideology, culture and the design studio. Design Studies 11(1): 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(90)90010-A
  86. Way, Thaisa(2009) Unbounded Practice: Women and Landscape Architecture in the Early Twentieth Century, University of Virginia Press.
  87. Winterbottom, Daniel(2002) Building as a model for learning. Landscape Journal 21: 201-213. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.21.1.201
  88. Wolff, Kevin Andrew(2008) The Architecture Studio: Its Implications for Instructional Design Education. Dissertation of Doctor of Education. Columbia University.
  89. Yu, Hyun Sook(2002) Research on the National Standards of Life Skill and Quality Management for Learning System. Seoul: Korean Educational Development Institute.
  90. http://bie.org(Buck Institute for Education)
  91. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio
  92. http://ncs.go.kr(National Competency Standards)