Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Plasmodium vivax Drug Resistance Genes; Pvmdr1 and Pvcrt-o Polymorphisms in Relation to Chloroquine Sensitivity from a Malaria Endemic Area of Thailand

  • Rungsihirunrat, Kanchana (College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University) ;
  • Muhamad, Poonuch (Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University) ;
  • Chaijaroenkul, Wanna (Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University) ;
  • Kuesap, Jiraporn (Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University) ;
  • Na-Bangchang, Kesara (Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University)
  • Received : 2014.06.07
  • Accepted : 2014.12.03
  • Published : 2015.02.28
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to explore the possible molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax isolates in Thailand. A total of 30 P. vivax isolates were collected from a malaria endemic area along the Thai-Myanmar border in Mae Sot district of Thailand. Dried blood spot samples were collected for analysis of Pvmdr1 and Pvcrt-o polymorphisms. Blood samples ($100{\mu}l$) were collected by finger-prick for in vitro chloroquine susceptibility testing by schizont maturation inhibition assay. Based on the cut-off $IC_{50}$ of 100 nM, 19 (63.3%) isolates were classified as chloroquine resistant P. vivax isolates. Seven non-synonymous mutations and 2 synonymous were identified in Pvmdr1 gene. Y976F and F1076L mutations were detected in 7 (23.3%) and 16 isolates (53.3%), respectively. Analysis of Pvcrt-o gene revealed that all isolates were wild-type. Our results suggest that chloroquine resistance gene is now spreading in this area. Monitoring of chloroquine resistant molecular markers provide a useful tool for future control of P. vivax malaria.

Keywords

References

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