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Effects of the Methods for Generating and Selecting Multiple Preliminary Prices on Budget Prices in Bidding Processes

복수예비가격 생성 및 추첨방법이 예정가격에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2014.10.17
  • Accepted : 2015.01.07
  • Published : 2015.02.20

Abstract

In bidding processes conducted by government agencies, local governments or public agencies, budget prices are critical to both ordering bodies and bidders since budget prices are bases for selecting a successful bidder. Since a high budget price goes against ordering bodies and a low one goes against bidders, most ordering bodies adopt a system using multiple preliminary prices for determining a budget price to ensure fair and transparent manners. Discussed are how budget prices change depending on the methods of sampling 15 preliminary prices and the methods of sampling 4 out of 15 prices. Computer simulation is conducted to analyze budget prices for various methods to determine multiple preliminary prices. It is more likely for budget prices to be close to base prices when splitting a range of generating preliminary prices into 15 intervals and taking 4 preliminary prices from 15 intervals than when taking 4 preliminary prices from a whole range. In cases when splitting a range of generating preliminary prices, if we take 2 preliminary prices out of intervals above 100% and take 2 out of intervals below 100%, the expected budget prices are equal to a base price and the standard deviations are about half in comparison with those when taking 4 out of 15 intervals.

정부기관, 지자체 및 공공기관의 입 낙찰제 운용과정에서 예정가격은 낙찰자를 선정하기 위한 기준금액이 되므로 발주자와 입찰자에게 아주 중요한 요소이다. 예정가격이 높으면 입찰자에게 불리해지고 낮으면 낙찰자에게 불리해지기 때문이다. 그러므로 대부분의 발주기관들이 예정가격을 공정하고 투명하게 결정하기 위해서 복수예비가격을 사용하여 예정가격을 결정하는 방식을 채택하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 예비가격 15개를 추출(복수예비가격 생성)하는 방법과, 15개의 예비가격 중에서 4개를 추출(예비가격 추첨)하는 방법에 따라 예정가격이 어떻게 달라지는지를 다룬다. 이를 위해 여러 가지 복수예비가격 결정방식별로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 예정가격을 분석한다. 분석을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다: 첫째, 복수예비가격의 생성범위를 15개로 분할하고 각 구간에서 4개의 예비가격을 추첨하는 방식이 전체 범위에서 예비가격을 4개 무작위로 추첨하는 방식보다는 예정가격이 기초금액 근처에서 형성될 가능성이 높다. 둘째, 복수예비가격의 생성범위를 15개로 분할하고 각 구간에서 무작위로 예비가격을 추첨하는 경우, 발주자 입장에서는 100%보다 큰 범위에서 7개, 아래에서 8개의 구간으로 나누는 방식이, 입찰자 입장에서는 100%보다 큰 범위에서 8개, 아래에서 7개의 구간으로 나누는 방식이 다소 유리한 방식이다. 셋째, 기초금액 기준으로 위와 아래에서 구간의 수를 달리 할 경우라도, 100% 위의 구간에서 2개, 아래 구간에서 2개로 나누어 예비가격을 추첨하게 되면, 예정가격의 평균이 기초금액과 같아지며 표준편차도 15개 구간에서 4개의 예비가격을 무작위로 추첨할 경우보다 크게 작아진다.

Keywords

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