References
- Adams, W.T., Hipkins, V.D., Burczyk, J., and Randall, W.K. 1997. Pollen contamination trends in a maturing Douglasfir seed orchard. Canadian Journal Forest Research 27: 131-134. https://doi.org/10.1139/x96-129
- Askew, G.R. 1988. Estimation of gamete pool compositions in clonal seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 37: 227-232.
- Askew, G.R., 1992. Potential genetic improvement due to supplemental mass pollination management in conifer seed orchards. Forest Ecology Management 47: 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90271-A
- Bridgwater, F.E., Bramlett, D.L., and Matthews, F.R. 1987. Supplemental mass pollination is feasible on an operational scale. pp. 216-222. Proceedings of 19th outhern forest tree improvement conference held at College Station, Texas, USA.
- Burczyk, J. and Chybicki, I.J. 2004. Cautions on direct gene flow estimation in plant populations. Evolution 58: 956-963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00430.x
- Burdon, R.D. 2001. Genetic diversity and disease resistance some considerations for research, breeding, and deployment. Canadian Journal Forest Research 31: 596-606. https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-136
- Chaix, G., Gerber, S., Razafimaharo, V., Vigneron, P., Verhaegen, D., and Hamon, S. 2003. Gene flow estimation with microsatellites in a Malagasy seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107: 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1294-0
- Dyer, R.J. and Sork, V.L. 2001. Pollen pool heterogeneity in Short leaf pine, Pinus echinata Mill. Molecular Ecology 10: 859-866. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01251.x
- El-Kassaby, Y.A. and Ritland, K., 1986. The relation of outcrossing and contamination to reproductive phenology and supplemental mass pollination in a Douglas-fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 35: 240-244.
- El-Kassaby, YA., Ritland, K., Faschler, A.M.K., and Devitt, W.J.B., 1988. The role of reproductive phenology upon the mating system of a Douglas-fir seed chard. Silvae Genetica 37: 76-82.
- El-Kassaby, Y.A. and Davidson, R. 1990. Impact of crop management practices on the seed crop genetic quality in a Douglas- fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 39: 230-237.
- Farris, M.A. and Miton, J.B. 1984. Population density, outcrossing rate, and heterozygosity in Ponderosa pine. Evolution 38: 1151-1154. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408448
- Fashler, A.M.K. and El-Kassaby, Y.A. 1987. The effect of water spray cooling treatment on reproductive phenology in a Douglas-fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 36: 245-249.
- Friedman, S.T. and Adams, W.T. 1985. Estimation of gene flow into two seed orchards of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69: 609-615.
- Goto, S., Miyahara, F., and Ie, Y. 2002. Monitoring male reproductive success in a Japanese black pine clonal seed orchard with RAPD markers. Canadian Journal Forest Resources 32: 983-988. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-022
- Goto, S., Watanabe, A., Miyahara, F., and Moriguchi, Y. 2005. Reproductive success of pollen derived from selected and non-selected sources and its impact on the performance of crops in a nematode-resistant Japanese black pine seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 54: 69-76.
- Han, S.U., Choi, W.Y., Chang, K.H., and Lee, B.S. 2001. Estimation of effective population numbers and sexual asymmetry based on flowering assessment in clonal seed of orchard Pinus densiflora. Korean Society of Breeding Science 33(1): 29-34. (in Korean)
- Han, S.D., Hong, Y.P., Yang, B.H., Lee, S.W., and Kim, C.S. 2004. Estimation of mating system parameters in the natural population of Pinus densiflora of Mt Juwang. pp. 315-316. Preceeding of Journal of Korean Forest Society. (in Korean)
- Harju, A. and Muona, O. 1989. Background pollination in Pinus sylvestris seed orchards. Scandinavian Journal Forest Research 4: 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588909382584
- Hong, Y.P., Ahn, J.Y., Kim, Y.M., Hong, K.N., and Yang, B.H. 2013. Mating system in natural population of Pinus koraiensis at Mt. Seorak based on allozyme and cpSSR markers. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(2): 264-271. (in Korean)
- Kang, K.S., Lindgren, D., and Mullin, T.J. 2001. Prediction of genetic gain and gene diversity in seed orchard crops under alternative management strategies. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 103: 1099-1107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220100700
- Kim, I.S., Kim, J.H., and Jang, K.H. 2006. The strategy ofmanagement in seed orchard to produce superior seed.pp. 36. In: I.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, K.H. Jang, B.S. Lee, ed.The strategy to massedly produce and systematically supplyof superior seed in seed orchard. Korea forest seedand variety center. Chung-ju. Korea. (in Korean)
- Kim,W.W., Bae, L.S., Park, B.C., Kim, W.J. 2012. Report on actual condition of seed orchard management. National Forest Seed and Variety Center. pp198. chungju, korea. (in Korean)
- Lee, S.W., Jang, S.S., Jang, K.H., and Kim, C.S. 2003. Estimation of mating system parameters in the natural population on Pinus densiflora of Anmyon island, Korea using allozyme markers. Journal of Korea Forestry Society 92(2): 121-128.
- Michael, U.S. and Newton, C.H. 2002. Evaluation of mating dynamics in a Lodgepole pine seed orchard using chloroplast DNA markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 32: 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-222
- Moriguchi, Y., Taira, H., Tani, N., and Tsumura, Y. 2004. Variation of paternal contribution in a seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica determined using microsatellite markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 34: 1683-1690. https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-029
- Moriguchi, Y., Tani, N., Itoo, S., Kanehora, F., Tanaka, K., Yomogia, H., Taira, H., and Tsumura, Y. 2005. Gene flow and mating system in five Cryptomeria japonica D. Don seed orchards as revealed by analysis of microsatellite markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes 1: 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-005-0023-z
- Nuray, K., Isik, K., and Adams, W.T. 2006. Mating system and pollen contamination in a Pinus brutia seed orchard. New Forest 31: 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-0876-x
- Oh, C.Y., Kang, K.S., Choi, W.Y., Han, S.U., and Kim, C.S. 2007. Seed orchard management considering the correlation between vegetative and reproductive in Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. Korean Journal Breed Science 39: 419-426. (in Korean)
- Pakkad, G., Ueno, S., and Yosimura, H. 2008. Genetic diversity and differentiation of Quercus semisettata Roxb. in northern Thailand revealed by nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Forest Ecology Management 255: 1067-1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.021
- Pakkanen, A. and Pulkien, P. 1991. Pollen production and background pollination levels in Scots pine seed orchards of Northern Finnish origin. Pollen contamination on seed orchards. pp. 14-21. Proceedings of meeting of the Nordic group for tree breeding. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Report.
- Pakkanen, A., Nikkanen, T., and Pulkkinen, P. 2000. Annual variation in pollen contamination and outcrossing in a Picea abies seed orchard. Scandinavian Journal Forest Research 15: 399-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/028275800750172574
- Peakall, R. and Smouse, P.E. 2006. GENALEX 6.41: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x
- Perry, D.J. and Bousquet, J. 2001. Genetic diversity and mating system of post-fire and post-harvest black spruce: an investigation using codominant sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 31: 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-137
- Plomion, C., LeProvost, G., Pot, D., Vendramin, G., Gerber, S., Decroocq, S., Brach, J., Raffin, A., and Pastuszka, P. 2001. Pollen contamination in a maritime pine polycross seed orchard and certification of improved seeds using chloroplast microsatellites. Canadian Journal Forest Research 31: 1816-1825. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-115
- Ritland, K. and Jain, S. 1981. A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using independent loci. Heredity 47: 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1981.57
- Ritland, K. 2002. Extensions of models for the estimation of mating systems using n independent loci. Heredity 88: 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800029
- Shen, H., Rudin, D. and Lindgren, D. 1981. Study of the pollination pattern in a Scots pine seed orchard by means of isozyme analysis. Silvae Genetica 40: 7-15.
- Snyder, T.P., Steward, D.A. and Strickleret, A.F. 1985. Temporal analysis of breeding structure in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Canadian Journal Forest Research 15: 1159-1166. https://doi.org/10.1139/x85-188
- Stoehr, M.U., Orvar, B.L., Vo, T.M., Gawley, J.R., Webber, J.E. and Newton, C.H. 1998. Application of a chloroplast DNA marker in seed orchard management evaluations of Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal Forest Research 28: 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-201
- Stoehr, M.U. and Newton, C.H. 2002. Evaluation of mating dynamics in a lodgepole pine seed orchard using chloroplast DNA markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 32: 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-222
- Stoehr, M., Webber, J., and Wood, J. 2004. Protocol for mating seed orchard seed lots in British Columbia quantifying genetic gain and diversity. Forestry 77: 297-303 https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/77.4.297
- Torimaru, T., Wang, X.R., Fries, A., Andersson, B., and Lindgren, D. 2009. Evaluation of pollen contamination in an advanced Scots pine seed orchard in Sweden. Silvae Genetia 58: 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0033
- Vendramin, G.G., Lelli, L., Rossi, P., and Morgante, M. 1996. A set of primers for the amplification of 20 chloroplast microsatellites in Pinaceae. Molecular Ecology 5: 111-114.
- Watanabe, A., Iwaizumi, M.G., Ubukata, M., Kondo, T., Lian, C., and Hogoetsu. T. 2006. Isolation of Microsatellite markers from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. using a dual PCR technique. Molecular Ecology 6: 80-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01145.x
- Yazdani, R., Hadders, G., and Szmidt, A. 1986. Supplemental mass pollination in a seed orchard of Pinus sylvestris L. investigated by isozyme analyses. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1: 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588609382422
- Zhu, Y., Chen, H., Fan, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, J., Fan, J.X., Yang, S., Hu, L., Leung, H., Mew, T.W., Teng, P.S., Wang, Z., and Mundt, C.C. 2000. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature 406: 718-722. https://doi.org/10.1038/35021046