Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modeling Study on Dispersion and Scavenging of Traffic Pollutants at the Location Near a Busy Road

  • Ma, Chang-Jin (Department of Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University)
  • Received : 2015.07.02
  • Accepted : 2015.10.15
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The information about the dispersion and scavenging of traffic-related pollutants at the locations near busy expressways is very helpful to highway planners for developing better plans to reduce exposures to air pollution for people living as well as children attending schools and child care centers near roadways. The objective of the current study was to give information in the dispersion and scavenging of vehicle-derived pollutants at the region near a busy urban expressway by a combination of two different model calculations. The modified Gaussian dispersion model and the Lagrange type below-cloud scavenging model were applied to evaluate $NO_x$ dispersion and DEP (Diesel exhaust particles) wet removal, respectively. The highest $NO_x$ was marked 53.17 ppb within 20-30 meters from the target urban expressway during the heaviest traffic hours (08:00AM-09:00AM) and it was 2.8 times higher than that of really measured at a nearby ambient measuring station. The calculated DEP concentration in size-resolved raindrops showed a continuous decreasing with increasing raindrop size. Especially, a noticeable decrease was found between 0.2 mm and 1.0 mm raindrop diameter.

Keywords

References

  1. Bachmann, K., Haag, I., Prokop, T., Roder, A., Wagner, P. (1993) Investigation of size classified and single rain droplets. Journal of Atmospheric Science 24, S421-S422.
  2. Benson, P.E. (1982) Modifications to the Gaussian vertical dispersion parameter, ${\sigma}_2$, near roadways. Atmospheric Environment 16, 1399-1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(82)90060-9
  3. Bigazzi, A., Figliozzi, M., Clifton, K. (2011) Motorists' exposure to traffic-related air pollution: Modeling the effects of traffic characteristics. 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., pp. 1-15.
  4. Boehmer, T.K., Foster, S.L., Henry, J.R., Woghiren-Akinnifesi, E.L, Yip, F.Y. (2013) Residential proximity to major highways - United States, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 62, 46-50.
  5. Brunekreef, B., Janssen, N.A., de Hartog, J., Harssema, H., Knape, M., van Vliet, P. (1997) Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways. Epidemiology 8, 298-303. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199705000-00012
  6. Carslaw, D.C. (2005) Evidence of an increasing $NO_2/NO_x$ emissions ratio from road traffic emissions. Atmospheric Environment 39, 4793-4802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.023
  7. Garrod, A.N.I., Rimmer, D.A., Robertshaw, L., Jones, T. (1998) Occupational exposure through spraying remedial pesticides. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 42, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/42.3.159
  8. Gauderman, W.J., Avol, E., Gilliland, F., Vora, H., Thomas, D., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Kuenzli, N., Lurmann, F., Rappaport, E., Margolis, H., Bates, D., Peters, J. (2004) The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. The New England Journal of Medicine 351, 1057-1067. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040610
  9. General affairs bureau of Fukuoka (2012) The data of Fukuoka in 2012, pp. 61. (in Japanese)
  10. Itagaki, N., Oishi, O., Iwamoto, S. (2000) Estimate of automobile exhausts form trunk roads. The annual bulletin of Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences 27, 49-53.
  11. Janssen, N.A., Brunekreef, B., van Vliet, P., Aarts, F., Meliefste, K., Harssema, H., Fischer, P. (2003) The relationship between air pollution from heavy traffic and allergic sensitization, bronchial hyper responsiveness, and respiratory symptoms in Dutch schoolchildren. Environmental Health Perspectives 111, 1512-1518. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6243
  12. Kenty, K.L., Poor, N.D., Kronmiller, K.G., McClenny, W., King, C., Atkeson, T., Campbell, S.W. (2007) Application of CALINE4 to roadside $NO/NO_2$ transformations. Atmospheric Environment 41, 4270-4280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.066
  13. Ma, C.J., Kasahara, M., Tohno, S. (2001) A new approach for characterization of single raindrops. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 130, 1601-1606. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013951511287
  14. Ma, C.J., Kim, K.H. (2014) Preliminary study on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation of soot particles by a laboratory-scale model experiments. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 8, 175-183. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2014.8.4.175
  15. McConnell, R., Berhane, K., Yao, L., Jerrett, M., Lurmann, F., Gilliland, F., Kunzli, N., Gauderman, J., Avol, E., Thomas, D., Peters, J. (2006) Traffic, Susceptibility, and Childhood Asthma. Environmental Health Perspectives 114, 766-772. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8594
  16. McEntee, J.C., Ogneva-Himmelberger, Y. (2008) Diesel particulate matter, lung cancer, and asthma incidences along major traffic corridors in MA, USA: a GIS analysis. Health Place 14, 817-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.01.002
  17. Morgenstern, V., Zutavern, A., Cyrys, J., Brockow, I., Gehring, U., Koletzko, S., Bauer, C.P., Reinhardt, D., Wichmann, H.-E., Heinrich, J. (2007) Respiratory health and individual estimated exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in a cohort of young children. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 64, 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.64.12.e8
  18. Morrow, P.E. (1992) Dust overloading of the lungs: update and appraisal. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 113, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(92)90002-A
  19. Nordling, E., Berglind, N., Melen, E., Emenius, G., Hallberg, J., Nyberg, F., Pershagen, G., Svartengren, M., Wickman, M., Bellander, T. (2008) Traffic-related air pollution and childhood respiratory symptoms, function and allergies. Epidemiology 19, 401-408. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31816a1ce3
  20. Posfai, M., Anderson, J., Buseck, P., Sievering, H. (1999) Soot and sulfate aerosol particles in the remote marine troposphere, Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 21,685-21,693. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900208
  21. Slinn, W.G.N., Hales, J.M. (1971) A revaluation of the role of thermophoresis as a mechanism in and below cloud scavenging. Journal of Atmospheric Science 28, 1465-1471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<1465:AROTRO>2.0.CO;2
  22. Vierkotter, A., Schikowski, T., Ranft, U., Sugiri, D., Matsui, M., Kramer, U., Krutmann, J. (2010) Airborne particle exposure and extrinsic skin aging. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130, 2719-2726. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.204

Cited by

  1. In-car and Near-road Exposure to PM2.5 and BC vol.14, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2020.14.2.146
  2. Air Quality Variation in Daegu, Korea During the Outbreak of COVID-19 and its Health Risk Assessment vol.14, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2020.14.3.253