Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회지)

The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sediment Provenance of Southeastern Yellow Sea Mud Using Principal Component Analysis

주성분분석법을 활용한 황해 남동 이질대 퇴적물의 기원지 연구

  • Cho, Hyen Goo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Soon-Oh (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Yun Ji (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ahn, Sung Jin (Department of Information and Statistics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yi, Hi Il (Marine Environment and Conservation Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
  • 조현구 (경상대학교 지구환경과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 김순오 (경상대학교 지구환경과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 이윤지 (경상대학교 지구환경과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 안성진 (경상대학교 정보통계학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 이희일 (한국해양과학기술원 해양환경보전연구부)
  • Received : 2014.06.27
  • Accepted : 2014.09.03
  • Published : 2014.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we tried to determine the origin of fine-grained sediments in Southeastern Yellow Sea Mud patch (SEYSM) using principal component analysis coupled with semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis for 4 major clay minerals. We used 51 marine surface sediments from SEYSM and 33 surface sediments of rivers flowing into the Yellow Sea. We made bioplot diagram using R program with principal component 1 and component 2 because the two components might contain about 98% of all data. The content of each clay mineral in the south and north regions of SEYSM are almost similar. In the biplot, SEYSM sediments distribute close to Korean rivers sediments than Huanghe and Changjiang sediments. Based on these results, we suggest that SEYSM is originated from the Korean rivers sediments. The higher accumulation rate in the SEYSM compared to the sediment discharge from neighboring Korean rivers can be explained by erosion and reworking of surface sediments in this area. The principal component analysis can be used for the provenance research of marine sediments around the Korean Peninsula.

황해 남동 이질대에서 채취된 51개의 표층퇴적물 시료와 황해로 유입되는 한국과 중국의 하천퇴적물 시료 33개에 대해서 반정량 X선회절분석법을 통한 점토광물의 상대적인 함량을 토대로 주성분분석을 도입하여 해양표층퇴적물의 기원지를 연구하였다. 전체 자료의 98% 이상을 반영하는 제1주 성분과 제2주성분을 이용하여 R 프로그램을 통해 주성분분석을 수행하였다. 황해 남동 이질대 퇴적물의 점토광물 함량은 남부 지역과 북부 지역에서 거의 차이가 나지 않으며, 성분도표상에서의 해양퇴적물 분포는 중국의 황하, 양쯔강 퇴적물보다 한국의 하천퇴적물과 더욱 근접한 양상을 보였다. 이러한 통계적 분석 결과를 바탕으로 황해 남동 이질대는 거의 모두가 한국 하천퇴적물로부터 유래했다는 것을 추정할 수 있다. 또한, 황해 남동 이질대에 한국 하천에서 유출되는 양보다 더 많은 퇴적물이 축적된 이유로는 퇴적물의 침식과 재동에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 주성분분석은 한반도 주변 해역 퇴적물의 기원지 연구에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander, C.R., DeMaster, D.J. & Nittrouer, C.A. (1991) Sediment accumulation in a modern epicontinental-shelf setting: the Yellow Sea. Marine Geology, 98, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90035-3
  2. Borozan, A.B., Bordean, D.M., Boldura, O.B., Sasu, L., Cojocariu, L., Horablaga, M., and Cojocariu, A. (2013) Actinobacteria- Source of information on soil quality. 13th International Multidisciplinary Scientic Geoconference SGEM 2013, Albena, Bulgaria, 16-22 June, 2013, Water Resources, Forest, Marine and Ocean Ecosystems, 489-496.
  3. Cheng, P. (2000) Characteristics and transport mechanism of fine-grained sediments in the North Yellow Sea. PhD thesis, Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Science (in Chinese).
  4. Cho, H.G., Kim, S.O., Yi, H.Y., and Shin, K.-H. (2011) Mineral Distribution in the Southeastern Yellow Sea Surface Sediments; KORDI Cruise Samples in 2010. Journal of Mineralogical Society of Korea, 24(3), 205-216 (Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2011.24.3.205
  5. Cho, H.G., Kim, S.O., and Yi, H.I. (2012) Clay mineral distribution and characteristics in the Southeastern Yellow Sea Mud Deposits. Journal of Mineralogical Society of Korea, 25(3), 163-173 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2012.25.3.163
  6. Chough, S.K. and Kim, D.C. (1981) Dispersal of fine-grained sediments in the southeastern Yellow Sea: a steady-state model. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 51, 721-728.
  7. Chough, S.K., Kim, J.W., Lee, S.H., Shinn, Y.J., Jin, J.H., Suh, M.C., and Lee, J.S. (2002) High-resolution acoustic characteristics of epicontinental epicontinental sea deposits, central-eastern Yellow Sea. Marine Geology, 188, 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00379-1
  8. Chough, S.K., Lee, H.J., Chun, S.S., and Shinn Y.J. (2004) Depositional processes of late Quaternary sediments in the Yellow Sea: a review. Geosciences Journal, 8(2), 211-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02910197
  9. Gabriel, K. R. (1971) The Biplot Graphical Display of Matrices with Applications to Principal Component Analysis. Biometrika, 58(3), 453-467. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/58.3.453
  10. Jin, J.H. and Chough, S.K. (1998) Partitioning of transgressive deposits in the southeastern Yellow Sea: a sequence stratigraphic interpretation. Marine Geology, 149, 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00023-1
  11. Jolliffe, I.T. (2002) Principal Component Analysis (2nd Ed.) Springer Series in Statistics. New York, Springer, 478p.
  12. Ktalikova, I.R., Andrejiova, M., and Badia, I.M. (2013) Analtsis of soil contamination with heavy metals in Slovak republic by using multideminesional stat istical method. 13th International Multidisciplinary Scientic Geoconference SGEM 2013, Albena, Bulgaria, 16-22 June, 2013, Water Resources, Forest, Marine and Ocean Ecosystems, 497-504.
  13. Lee, H.J. and Chough, S.K. (1989) Sediment distribution, dispersal and budget in the Yellow Sea. Marine Geology, 87, 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90061-3
  14. Lee, H.J. and Chu, Y.S. (2001) Origin of inner-shelf mud deposit in the southeastern Yellow Sea: Huksan Mud Belt. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71, 144-154. https://doi.org/10.1306/040700710144
  15. Lee, J.R. (2003) Early and Middle Pleistocene lithostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments in northern East Anglia, UK. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London.
  16. Lim, D.I., Choi, J.Y., Jang, H.S., Rho, K.C. and Ahn, K.S. (2007a) Recent sediment accumulation and origin of shelf mud deposits in the Yellow Sea and East China Seas. Progress in Oceanography, 73, 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2007.02.004
  17. Lim, D.I., Shin, I.H., and Jung, H.S. (2007b) Major Elemental Compositions of Korean and Chinese River Sediments: Potential Tracers for the Discrimination of Sediment Provenance in the Yellow Sea. Jour. Korean Earth Science Society, 28(3), 311-323 (Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2007.28.3.311
  18. Moon, D.H., Yi, H.Y., Shin, K.H. Do, J.Y., and Cho, H.G. (2009) Mineral distribution of southeastern Yellow Sea and South Sea of Korea using quantitative XRD analysis. J. Miner. Soc. Korea, 23(1), 49-61 (Korean with English abstract).
  19. Niino, H. and Emery, K.O. (1961) Sediments of the shallow portions of East China Sea and South China Sea. Geolological Society of American Bulletin, 72, 731-762. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[731:SOSPOE]2.0.CO;2
  20. Park, Y.A. and Khim, B.K. (1992) Origin and dispersal of recent clay minerals in the Yellow Sea. Marine Geology, 104, 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90095-Y
  21. Ren, M.E. and Shi, Y.L. (1986) Sediment discharge of the Yellow River (China) and its effect on the sedimentation of the Bohai and the Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 6, 785-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(86)90037-3
  22. Scheib, A.J., Breward, N., Le, J.R. and Lister T.R. (2009) A preliminary geochemical investigation of glacigenic till deposits in England using principal component analysis of G-BASE soil data. British Geological Survey, BGS Internal Report Series, IR/08/027.
  23. Schubel, J.R., Shen, H T., and Park, M J. (1984) A comparison of some characteristic sedimentation processes of estuaries entering the Yellow Sea. In: Park, Y.A., Pilkey, O.H., Kim, S.W. (Eds.), Marine Geology and Physical Processes of the Yellow Sea, 286-308.
  24. Wei, J.W., Shi, X.F., Xin, C.Y., and Chen, Z.H. (2000) Distribution patterns of clay minerals in the Yellow Sea and their significance. Yellow Sea: epicontinent shelf in Asia. Proceedings of First Korea-China Symposium on Sedimentary Processes and Depositional Environments, Ansan, Korea, April 6-9, 2000. Seoul, Korea, 179-186.