References
- Abdullah, Z.A., Park, B.D. 2009. Hydrolytic stability of cured urea-formaldehyde resins modified by additives. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 114: 1011-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.30713
- Bar, G., Ganter, M., Brandsch, R., Delineau, L., Whangbo, M.H. 2000. Examination of butadiene/styrene-co-butadiene rubber blends by tapping mode atomic force microscopy. Importance of the indentation depth and reduced tip-sample energy dissipation in tapping mode atomic force microscopy study of elastomers. Langmuir 16(13): 5702-5711. https://doi.org/10.1021/la9913699
- Bikaris, D.N., Papageorgiou, G.Z., Achilias, D.S. 2006. Synthesis and comparative biodegradability studies of three poly(alkylene succinate)s. Polymer Degradation and Stability 91: 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.030
- Chuang, I.S., Maciel, G.E. 1994. NMR study of the stabilities of urea-formaldehyde resin components toward hydrolytic treatments. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52: 1637-1651. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070521112
- Depres, A., Pizzi, A. 2006. Colloidal aggregation of aminoplastic polycondensation resins: urea-formaldehyde versus melamine-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100: 1406-1412. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.23230
- Dusek, K. 1996. Are cured thermoset resins inhomogeneous? Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052400101
- Dutkiewicz, J. 1983. Hydrolytic degradation of cured urea-formaldehyde resin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28: 3313-3320. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070281101
- Dutkiewicz, J. 1984. Preparation of cured urea-formaldehyde resins of low formaldehyde emission. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29: 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290105
- Ebewele, R.O., Myers, G.E., River, B.H., Koutsky, J.A. 1991. Polyamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resins. I. Synthesis, structure, and properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47: 2997-3012.
- Ferra, J.M.M., Mendes, A.M., Costa, M.R.N., Carvalho, L.H., Magalhaes, F.D. 2010. A study on the colloidal nature of urea-formaldehyde resins and its relation with adhesive performance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118: 1956-1968.
- Gupta, V.B., Drzal, L.T., Adams, W.W. 1985. An electron microscopic study of the morphology of cured epoxy resin. Journal of Material Science 20: 3439-3452. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01113751
- Irle, M.A., Bolton, A.J. 1988. Physical aspects of wood adhesive bond formation with formaldehyde based adhesives. Part II. Binder physical properties and particleboard durability. Holzforchung 42: 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1988.42.1.53
- John, W.E., Dunker, A.K. 1986. Urea-formaldehyde resin. In: Meyer B, Andrew BAK, Reinhardt RM, eds. Formaldehyde release from wood products. The American Chemical Society, pp. 76-86.
- Motter, W.K. 1990. The formation of the colloidal phase in low mole ratio urea-formaldehyde resins. PhD Dissertation. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
- Myers, G.E., Koutsky, J.A. 1990. Formaldehyde liberation and cure behavior of urea-formaldehyde resins. Holzforschung 44: 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1990.44.2.117
- Park, B.D., Kang, E.C., Park, J.Y. 2006. Effects of formaldehyde to urea mole ratio on thermal curing behavior of urea-formaldehyde resin and properties of particleboard. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101: 1787-1792. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.23538
- Park, B.D., Jeong, H.W. 2011a. Influence on hydrolytic degradation on the morphology of cured urea-formaldehyde resins of different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 39(2): 179-186. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2011.39.2.179
- Park, B.D., Jeong, H.W. 2011b. Hydrolytic stability and crystallinity of cured urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 31: 524-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.05.001
- Park, B.D., Jeong, H.W. 2011c. Effects of acid hydrolysis on microstructure of cured urea-formaldehyde resins using atomic force microscopy. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 122: 3255-3262. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.34387
- Park, B.D., Causin, V. 2013. Crystallinity and domain size of cured urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios. European Polymer Journal 49: 532-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.10.029
- Park, B.D., Singh, A.P., Nuryawan, A., Hwang, K. 2013. MRT Letter: High resolution SEM imaging of nano-architecture of cured urea-formaldehyde resin using plasma coating of osmium. Microscopy Research and Technique 76: 1108-1111. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22272
- Pratt, T.J., Johns, W.E., Rammon, R.M., Plagemann, W.L. 1985. A novel concept on the structure of cured urea-formaldehyde resin. The Journal of Adhesion 17: 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218468508081165
- Racich, J.L., Koutsky, J.A. 1976. Nodular structure in epoxy resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20: 2111-2129. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200808
- Ringena, O., Janzon, R., Pfizenmayer, G., Schulte, M., Lehnen, R. 2006. Estimating the hydrolytic durability of cured wood adhesives by measuring formaldehyde liberation and structural stability. HolzalsRoh- und Werkstoff 64: 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0087-3
- Roffael, E., Huster, H.-G. 2012. Complex chemical interactions on thermo hydrolytic degradation of urea formaldehyde resins (UF-resins) in recycling UF-bonded boards. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70: 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0574-7
- Singh, A.P., Nuryawan, A., Park, B.D. 2013. A novel sample preparation method that enables ultrathin sectioning of urea-formaldehyde resin for imaging by transmission electron microscopy. Microscopy Research 1: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4236/mr.2013.11001
- Singh, A.P., Causin, V., Nuryawan, A., Park, B.D. 2014. Morphological, chemical and crystalline features of urea-formaldehyde resin cured in contact with wood. European Polymer Journal 56: 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.04.014
- Spurr, R.A., Erath, E.H., Myers, H., Pease, D.C. 1957. Curing process in phenolic resin electron-microscopic analysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 49(11): 1839-1842. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50575a027
- Stuligross, J., Koutsky, J.A. 1985. A morphological study of urea-formaldehyde resins. Journal of Adhesion 18: 281-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218468508080464
- Tohmura, S., Hse, C.Y., Higuchi, M. 2000. Formaldehyde emission and high-temperature stability of cured urea-formaldehyde resins. Journal of Wood Science 46: 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766221