Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care

Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care (한국호스피스완화의료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Subjectivity toward Death among HIV-Positive Men

HIV 감염인 남성의 죽음에 대한 주관성

  • Lee, Eun-Ju (Department of Nursing, Baekseok Culture University)
  • 이은주 (백석문화대학교 간호과)
  • Received : 2014.02.07
  • Accepted : 2014.07.18
  • Published : 2014.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study was to identify the attitude of Korean HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive men toward death. Methods: A Q-methodology was performed with 20 HIV-positive male individuals. Participants were asked to select and answer questions among a set of 40 Q-statements using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Results: Participants' attitudes toward death were categorized into four types. Type I was characterized by respect for life, type II by reality orientation, type III by pain evasion and type IV religious beliefs. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an assessment tool and an intervention program for HIV-positive individuals.

목적: 본 연구는 Q 방법론으로 HIV 감염인 남성의 죽음에 대한 주관성을 파악하고 그 구조와 유형을 분류하고 분석하여 유형별 특성에 따른 중재를 개발하는데 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 방법: 김분한 등(1997)이 선정한 죽음의 의미에 대한 40개 진술문으로 Q 표본의 분포도를 작성하였다. P 표본은 대한에이즈예방협회에 등록되어 있는 성인 남성 20명을 편의추출하였으며, Q 진술문을 자유의사에 따라 선택하도록 하여 9점 척도상에 분류하도록 하였고 양극단에 진술문에 대해서는 선택한 이유를 직접 기록하도록 하였다. 수집된 자료는 PC QUANL program으로 처리하여 분석하였다. 결과: HIV 감염인 남성의 죽음에 대한 주관성은 모두 4개 유형으로 나타났으며, 이들의 전체 변량은 51.09%였다. 제1유형인 '생명 존중형'은 생명존중과 타인에 대한 배려가 있었으나 죽음에 대해서는 생각하지 않고 현재에 최선을 다하려는 태도를 가지고 있었다. 제2유형인 '현세 중시형'은 살아있는 한 열심히 살기를 원했으며, 황금기에 죽지 않고 죽을 때까지 모든 치료를 받고자 하였고 사형제도에 찬성하였으며, 죽을 때 고통없이 죽기를 희망하였다. 제3유형인 '고통 회피형'은 경제적 능력이 없거나 식물인간 상태로 사는 것보다는 고통없이 죽기를 원했으며, 죽음에 대하여 준비하기를 원하였다. 제4유형인 '종교 수용형'은 종교인으로서 자신의 질환 때문에 장기기증을 반대하였으며, 죽음에 대해 성직자나 의사와 솔직하게 대화하고자 하였다. 결론: 본 연구의 의의는 HIV 감염인 남성을 대상으로 죽음에 대한 다양한 태도를 파악했다는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 HIV 감염인의 죽음에 대한 인식 유형별로 적합한 죽음준비 교육 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. cdc.go.kr [Internet]. Cheongju: Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention; c2013. [cited 2013 Sep 4]. Available from: http://www.cdc.go.kr.
  2. Gwak JH. A research of the spiritual well-being and spiritual needs of HIV/AIDS patients. Korean J Hosp Palliat Care 2009; 12:14-9.
  3. Joo HJ. The coping behaviors of the people with HIV -focusing on the male homosexuals. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2008;17:97-108.
  4. Kim EY, Lee MS. The experience of people with HIV/AIDS: a phenomenological study. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2000;12: 497-506.
  5. Park YS, Oh YH. Life experiences of Korean men with HIV/AIDS. Korean J Women Health Nurs 2005;11:110-9.
  6. Flowers P, Davis MM, Larkin M, Church S, Marriott C. Understanding the impact of HIV diagnosis amongst gay men in Scotland: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Psychol Health 2011; 26:1378-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2010.551213
  7. Mohammadpour A, Yekta ZP, Nikbakht Nasrabadi AR, Mohraz M. Coming to terms with a diagnosis of HIV in Iran: a phenomenological study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2009;20:249-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2009.03.003
  8. Lee SH, Koh KB, Kim JM, Park SH. The comparison of perceived stress, quality of life between patients with HIV positive and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Korean J Psychosomatic Medicine 2003;11:15-24.
  9. Meng YJ, Li NX, Liu CJ, Chen JH, Song YC, Qian ZS. Quality of life and hostile mentality trend of patients with HIV/AIDS in China. Public Health 2008;122:404-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.06.007
  10. Jo KH, Lee HJ, LEE YJ. Types of students' death attitudes majoring in human service area: Q-methodological approach. J Korean Acad Nurs 2005;35:829-41.
  11. Yoon MO. The effects of a death preparing education program on death anxiety, spiritual well-being, and meaning of life in adults. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2009;20:513-21.
  12. Shim HW. A study on the subjectivity of Koreans about well dying: Q methodological approach. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs 2011;18:87-96.
  13. Hales S, Zimmermann C, Rodin G. The quality of dying and death. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:912-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.9.912
  14. Yi GH. Death acceptance and religion in the case of Koreans. Survey Research 2009;10:131-56.
  15. humanrights.go.kr [Internet]. Seoul: National Human Rights Commission of Korea; c2006. [cited 2006 Mar 17]. Available from: http://www.humanrights.go.kr.
  16. Preau M, Bouhnik AD, Peretti-Watel P, Obadia Y, Spire B; ANRS-EN12-VESPA Group. Suicide attempts among people living with HIV in France. AIDS Care, 2008;20:917-24.
  17. Jia CX, Mehlum L, Qin P. AIDS/HIV infection, comorbid psychiatric illness, and risk for subsequent suicide: a nationwide register linkage study. J Clin Psychiatry 2012;73:1315-21. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m07814
  18. Brandt CP, Gonzalez A, Grover KW, Zvolensky MJ. The relation between emotional dysregulation and anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain-related anxiety, and HIV-symptom distress among adults with HIV/AIDS. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2012;35:197-204.
  19. Kim HK. Q methodology: philosophy, theories, analysis, and application. Seoul:CommunicationBooks;2008.
  20. Kim MA, Kim SW. Subjectivity toward death among college students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ 2003;9:7-16.
  21. Lee EJ, Kim BH. Subjectivity of terminally ill cancer patients and primary family caregivers on the view of death. Korean J Adult Nurs 2006;18:746-59.
  22. Kim BH, Kim HK, Tak YR. Measuring the effects of hospice program on death. J KSSSS 1997;2:132-45.
  23. Kim MS. Philosophical studies on cognition and attitude of Koreans towards death. J Confucianism Res Inst 2010;22:73-108.
  24. Oh JT. Our society lacks greatly in understanding death. Korean J Hosp Palliat Care 2011;14:131-7.
  25. Zukoski AP, Thorburn S. Experiences of stigma and discrimination among adults living with HIV in a low HIV -prevalence context: a qualitative analysis. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2009; 23:267-76. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2008.0168
  26. Kim SN, Choi SO, Lee JJ, Shin KI. Effects of death education program on attitude to death and meaning in life among university students. J Korean Soc Health Edu Promot 2005;22: 141-53.
  27. Kwon I. Koreans' traditional view on death. Korean J Hosp Palliat Care 2013;16:155-65. https://doi.org/10.14475/kjhpc.2013.16.3.155
  28. Ku IH. The meaning of death and its moral problems for modern human being. Philos Investig 2004;16:59-81.
  29. Lee OJ, Im SB, Park HS. Unresolved suffering lived experiences of college students. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2011;20:37-48. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2011.20.1.37
  30. Kim MJ, Jo KH. Suffering and spiritual approach. J Korean Acad Womens Health Nurs 2001;7:121-30.
  31. Lorenz KA, Hays RD, Shapiro MF, Cleary PD, Asch SM, Wenger NS. Religiousness and spirituality among HIV-infected Americans. J Palliat Med 2005;8:774-81. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2005.8.774
  32. Tuncay T. Spirituality in coping with HIV/AIDS. HIV & AIDS Rev 2007;6:10-5.