DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of nitric oxide on ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes activities in chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress

Paraquat 유도 산화스트레스하의 배추 잎에서 Ascorbate-Glutathione 회로 효소의 활성도에 대한 산화질소 (Nitric oxide)의 효과

  • Na, Ho-Gyun (Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jin, Chang-Duck (Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 나호견 (강원대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) ;
  • 진창덕 (강원대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과)
  • Received : 2014.04.09
  • Accepted : 2014.05.26
  • Published : 2014.06.30

Abstract

Pretreatment of chinese cabbage leaves with $100{\mu}M$ sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, effectively improved their tolerance to subsequent $2{\mu}M$ paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative damage. The fresh weight, and chlorophyll and protein contents in primary leaves treated with PQ alone were noticeably reduced over 24 h light incubation. However, these leaf injury symptoms were significantly alleviated with $100{\mu}M$ SNP pretreatment for 3 h prior to PQ exposure. In additions, the increase of the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$ due to PQ exposure were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment. Together with the protective effects of SNP against PQ toxicity in leaves, the changes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes activities were examined. In the PQ alone treatment, the activities of APX, DHAR, and GR after 6 h incubation were rapidly reduced and showed 19%, 50% and 39% respectively, compared with those of the control. However, the decreases in these enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment. As a result, their activities were higher than those of PQ alone treatment by 5 times, 2 times, and 1.5 times, respectively, at 6 h incubation. Thereafter, these enzymes decrease their activities gradually showing high levels than those of PQ alone. Based on the above results, it can be assumed that the activation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by SNP pretreatment in chinese cabbage leaves exposed to PQ can prevent $H_2O_2$ accumulation, thereby leading to protection against PQ-induced oxidative stress. Also, these results indicate that NO acts as an protectant against PQ stress in the leaves of chinese cabbage.

산화질소(nitric oxide: NO) 공여체인 $100{\mu}M$ sodium nitroprusside (SNP)를 배추 잎에 전처리한 후 이어서 $2{\mu}M$ paraquat (PQ)처리 시, PQ에 의해 유도된 산화적 손상에 대한 잎의 내성이 효과적으로 증진되었다. 24 시간 광 배양기간 동안 PQ 단독 처리구 잎에서는 생체량, 엽록소 및 단백질 함량이 현저하게 감소하였으나 PQ 노출 전에 3시간 SNP 전처리로 이들 잎 손상이 의미 있게 완화되었다. 게다가 PQ 처리에 기인된 malondialdehyde (MDA)와 $H_2O_2$ 함량 증가도 SNP 전처리에 의해 유의하게 억제되었다. 잎에서 이들 PQ 독성에 대한 SNP의 방어효과와 관련하여 ascorbate-glutathione 회로 구성 효소의 활성도 변화를 조사하였다. PQ 단독 처리구에서 APX, DHAR 및 GR 효소 활성도는 배양 6시간후에 급격히 감소되어 대조구 잎과 비교 시 각각 대조구의 19%, 50%, 39% 수준의 활성도 값을 보였다. 그러나, 이들 효소 활성도 값 감소는 SNP 전처리에 의해 현저하게 억제되어 6시간 배양 후에 PQ 단독처리구 보다 각각 5배, 2배, 1.5배 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 그 이후 24시간 배양 때까지 PQ 단독 처리구보다 계속 높은 활성도를 보이면서 점차로 감소하였다. 이들 결과로부터, PQ에 노출된 배추 잎에서 SNP 전처리에 의한 ascorbate-glutathione 회로의 활성화가 $H_2O_2$의 축적을 억제하며 그로인해 PQ에 의해 유도된 산화스트레스로부터 잎을 방어하는 것으로 생각되었다. 동시에 이 들 결과는 산화질소가 배추 잎에서 PQ 스트레스에 대한 항산화 방어자로서의 역할을 하는 것을 의미한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Betavulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1-15 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1
  2. Asada K (1984) Chloroplasts: Formation of active oxygen and its scavenging. Methods Enzymol 105:422-429 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05059-X
  3. Beligni MV, Fath A, Bethke PC, Lamattina L, Jones RL (2002) Nitric oxide acts as an antioxidant and delays programmed cell death in Aleurone Layers. Plant Physiol 129:1642-1650 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.002337
  4. Beligni MV, Lamattina L (1999) Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage produced by methylviologen herbicides in potato plants. Nitric Oxide 3:199-208 https://doi.org/10.1006/niox.1999.0222
  5. Beligni MV, Lamattina L (2001) Nitric oxide in plants: the history is just beginning. Plant, Cell and Environ 24:267-278 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00672.x
  6. Bowler C, Montagu MV, Inze D (1992) Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiol and Plant Mol Biol 43:83-116 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.000503
  7. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantiation of microgram quantitics of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem 72:248-254
  8. Chen M, Shen WB, Ruan HH, Xu LL (2004) Effects of nitric oxide on root growth and it's oxidative damage in wheat seedling under salt stress. J Plant Physiol and Mol Biol 30:569-576
  9. Dalton DA, Langeberg L, Treneman NC (1993) Correlations between the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and effectiveness in legume root nodules. Plant Physiol 87:365-360 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01743.x
  10. Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P, Thorpe TA (1981) Leaf senescence: Correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Exp 32:93-198
  11. Dodge AD (1971) The mode of action of bipyridylium herbicides, paraquat and diquat. Endeavour 30:130 https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(71)90039-1
  12. Durzan DJ (2002) Stress-induced nitric oxide and adaptive plasticity in conifers. Journal of Forest Sci 48:281-291
  13. Foyer CH, Descourvieres P, Kunert KJ (1994) Protection against oxygen radicals: an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plant. Plant Cell and Environ 17:507-523 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00146.x
  14. Foyer CH, Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta 133:21-25 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386001
  15. Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189-198 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1
  16. Hiscox JD, Israelstam GF (1979) A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. CAN. J Bot 57:1332-1334 https://doi.org/10.1139/b79-163
  17. Hu KD, Hu LY, Li YH, Zhang H (2007) Protective roles of nitric oxide on germination and antioxidant metabolism in wheat seeds under copper stress. Plant Growth Regul 53:173-183 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9216-9
  18. Hung KT, Chang CJ, Kao CH (2002) Paraquat toxicity is reduced by nitric oxide in rice leaves. J Plant Physiol 159:159-166 https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00692
  19. Hung KT, Kao CH (2003) Nitric oxide counteracts the senescence of rice leaves induced by abscisic acid. J Plant Physiol 160: 871-879 https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-01118
  20. Klapheck S, Zmmer I, Cosse H (1990) Scavenging of hydrogen peroxide in the endosperm of Ricinus communis by ascorbate peroxidase. Plant Cell Physiol 31:1005-1013
  21. Koshiba T (1993) Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase in seedlings and leaves of maize(Zea mays). Plant Cell Physiol 34:713-721 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078474
  22. Laloi C, Apel K, Danon A (2004) Reactive oxygen signalling: the latest news. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:323-328 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.005
  23. Laspina NV, Groppa MD, Tomaro ML, Benarides MP (2005) Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Plant Sci 169:323-330 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.02.007
  24. Martinez CA, Loureiro ME, Oliva MA, Maestri M (2001) Differential responses of superoxide dismutase in freezing resistant Solanum curtilobum and freezing sensitive Solanum curtilobum subjected to oxidative and water stress. Plant Sci 160:505-515 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00418-0
  25. Mata CG, Lamattina L (2001) Nitric oxide induces stomatal closure and enhances the adaptive plant responses against drought stress. Plant Physiol 126:1196-1204 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.1196
  26. Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 7:405-410 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
  27. Noctor G, Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol, Plant Mol Biol 49:249-279 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.249
  28. Price AH, Taylor A, Ripley SJ, Griffiths A, Trewavas AJ, Knight MR (1994) Oxidative signals in tobacco increase cytosolic calcium. Plant Cell 6:1301-1310 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.6.9.1301
  29. Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP (1996) Ultraviolet-B-and ozone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 110:125-136 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.1.125
  30. Ruan HH, Shen WB, Liu KL, Xu LL (2005) Effects of exogenous NO donor on glutathione-dependent antioxidative system in wheat seedling leaf under salt stress. Acta Agron 31:1144-1149
  31. Sen Gupta A, Heinen JL, Holaday AS, Burke JJ, Allen RD (1993) Increased resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants that overexpress chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:1629-1633 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.4.1629
  32. Shan C, He F, Xu G, Han R, Liang Z (2012) Nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of ascorbate and glutathione metabolism in Agropyron cristatum leaves under water stress. Biologia Plantarum 56:187-191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-012-0040-3
  33. Slooten L, Capiau K, Van Camp W, Van Montagu M, Subesma C, Inze D (1995) Factors affecting the enhancements of oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco overexpressing manganese superoxide dismutase in the chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 107:737-750 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.3.737
  34. Uchida A, Jagendorf AT, Hivino T, Takabe T (2002) Effects of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide on both salt and eat stress tolerance in rice. Plant Sci 163:515-523 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00159-0
  35. Wu JC, Chen JQ, Liang J, Yang WB, Wu JJ, Chen LQ, Liu MQ, Chen LQ (2009) Effects of exogenous NO on ascorbateglutathione cycle in loquat leaves under low temperature stress. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol 20:1395-1400
  36. Zeier J, Schreiber L (1997) Chemical composition of hypodermal and endodermal cell walls and xylem vessels isolated from Clivia miniata. Plant Physiol 113:1223-1231 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.4.1223
  37. Zhang A, Jiang M, Zhang J, Ding H, Xu S, Hu X, Tan M (2007) Nitric oxide induced by hydrogen peroxide mediates abscisic acid-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade involved in antioxidant defense in maize leaves. New Phytol 175:36-50 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02071.x
  38. Zhao L, Zhang F, Guo J, Yang Y, Li B, Zhang L (2004) Nitric oxide functions as a signal in salt resistance in the calluses from two ecotype of reed. Plant Physiol 134:849-857 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.030023