Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Consensus-Building Support System for Water Environment Governance Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making

물환경 거버넌스를 위한 다기준의사결정 기반 합의형성 지원시스템

  • 이진희 (한국환경정책.평가연구원) ;
  • 이충성 (한국수자원공사 하천기술센터) ;
  • 김길호 (한국건설기술연구원 수자원환경연구본부 수자원연구실)
  • Received : 2013.11.11
  • Accepted : 2014.05.30
  • Published : 2014.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we propose a consensus-building support system to engage various stakeholders, transparently disseminate information, ensure objective decision-making, and reflect the view of each stakeholder as a methodology or tool for resolving conflicts that may arise in the process of implementing water environment policies and plans. The system suggests ways to resolve issues by engaging all interested actors and not just a few influential groups of stakeholders imposing their solutions upon local users. The system provides an environment where stakeholders can find solutions to conflicts through their own efforts, mediating competing interests through the interactions such as negotiations and conciliation to reach a consensus. To verify the applicability of the proposed consensus-building support system, simulated role-playing albeit restricted was conducted on the case of the Hantangang Dam construction. The simulation validated that open discussions and negotiations with the local community or NGO by the government increased the efficacy of negotiations.

본 연구에서는 물환경 정책 및 계획의 추진과정에서 발생할 수 있는 갈등을 풀어나갈 수 있도록 다양한 이해당사자들의 참여, 투명한 정보공개, 객관적 의사결정과정, 개별 이해당사자들의 의견 반영 등 합의형성을 위한방법론 또는 도구로서 합의형성 지원시스템을 제안하였다. 개발된 합의형성 지원시스템은 물환경 문제에 대하여 영향력을 가진 특정 집단이 해결안을 제시하여 강요하거나 설득하는 구조 대신에 다양한 이해당사자의 참여를 바탕으로 한 공동적 문제해결 방식을 기반으로 하였다. 즉, 합의에 도달하기 위해서 협상 및 조정과 같은 상호작용을 통해 이해관계를 조정하여 이해당사자들 스스로 갈등을 해결할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다는 것이다. 개발된 합의형성 지원시스템의 적용성을 검증하기 위하여 한탄강댐 건설 사례에 대한 제한적인 롤플레잉 모의실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 합의형성 지원시스템의 적용을 통해 정부가 지역사회나 NGO 등과 공론의 장을 마련하여 적극적으로 합의형성을 이룰 수 있도록 노력한다면 협상의 효과를 한층 높일 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Agranoff, R., and McGuire, M. (2001). "Big questions in public network management research." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 295-326. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003504
  2. Bae, K.H., and Lim, S.H. (2010). "A study of the structure of network governance and public conflict: a focus on the primary actors and changes in network characteristics in the case of the Hantan river dam construction conflict." Korean Journal of Public Administration, Korea Institute of Public Affairs, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 107-144.
  3. Bashar, M.A., Kilgour, D.M., and Hipel, K.W. (2012). "Fuzzy preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution." Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 760-770. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2012.2183603
  4. Blatter, J., and Ingram, H. (2001). Reflections on water: newapproaches to transboundary conflicts and cooperation. Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
  5. Candela, L., Dominga, F., Berbel, J., and Alarcon, J.J. (2008). "An overview of the main water conflicts in Spain: proposals for problem-solving." Water culture and water conflict in the Mediterranean area, CIHEAM, pp. 197-203.
  6. Castro, J.E. (2007). "Water governance in the twentiethfirst century." Ambiente & Sociedade, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 97-118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-753X2007000200007
  7. Choi, D.J., and Lee, M.H. (2008). "Applying game theory for strategy transboundary river: the case of Han river in North and South Koreans" Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 353-363. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2008.41.4.353
  8. Chung, E.S. (2007). Integrated watershed management for sustainability using multicriteria decision making techniques. Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  9. Correia, F.N., and Silva, J.E. (1999). "International framework for the management of transboundary water resources."Water International, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069908692144
  10. Global Water Partnership (2002). Introducing effective water governance. Stockholm.
  11. Han, D.G., and Kim, J.W. (2000). "Allocation of flowing water between upstream and downstream regions." Environmental and Resource Economics Review, Korea Environmental Economics Association, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 621-639.
  12. Hamalainen, R.P. (1990). "A decision aid in the public debate on nuclear power." European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90062-G
  13. Hearns, G. (2010). Analysis of process mechanisms promoting cooperation in transboundary waters. Ph. D. dissertation, University of British Columbia, Canada.
  14. Hipel, K.W., Obeidi, A., Fang, L.P., and Kilgour, D.M. (2008). "Adaptive systems thinking in integrated water resources management with insights into conflicts over water exports." INFOR, Vol. 46, pp. 51-69.
  15. Ke, G.Y., Fu, B., De, M., and Hipel, K.W. (2012). "A hierarchical model for eliciting relative preference in conflict situations." Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 56-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11518-012-5187-0
  16. Kim, J.W. (2002). Design of water allocation model. KRIHS2002-2, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements.
  17. Kim, K.H., Yi, C.S., Lee, M.W., and Shim, M.P. (2007). "Efficient water allocation using game theory and ADR in water disputes." IWA 4th International Conference on Efficient Use and Management ofWater in Urban Areas, Jeju, Korea.
  18. Korea Development Institute (2003). A study on standard policy for preliminary feasibility research to water resources projects, 4th edn., Seoul.
  19. Lee, H.J., and Shim, M.P. (2002) "Decision making for priority of water allocation during drought by analytic hierarchy process." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 703-714. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2002.35.6.703
  20. Lee, J.H., Kim, H.S. Hong, I.P., Kang, B.S., and Kim K.H. (2008). "Governance for negotiation and management of water resources related conflicts." Journal of Korean Wetlands Society, KWS, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 97-103.
  21. Lee, M.S. (2002). "Conceptualizing governance: governance as social coordination." Korean Public Administration Review, Korean Association for Public Administration, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 321-338.
  22. Lee, S.H., and Kim, S. (2009). "Water governance and basic water law." Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference 2003, KWRA, pp. 385-389.
  23. Lugo, C.C. (2010). Analyzing the effectiveness of transboundary water regimes: the case of lake victoria basin, east africa. Ph.D. dissertation, University of East Anglia, UK.
  24. Madani, K., and Hipel, K.W. (2011). "Non-cooperative stability definitions for strategic analysis of generic water resources conflicts." Water Resources Management, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp. 1949-1977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9783-4
  25. Madani, K., and Lund, J.R. (2011). "A Monte-Carlo game theoretic approach for multi-criteria decision making under uncertainty." Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.02.009
  26. Ministry Of Construction and Transportation (2000). Introduction of water rights trading system.
  27. Ministry Of Environment (2004). Establishing environmental governance for sustainable regional development.
  28. Mirumachi, N., and Wyk, E.V. (2010). "Cooperation at different scales: challenges for local and international water resource governance in South Africa." The Geographical Journal, Vol. 176, No. 1, pp. 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2009.00344.x
  29. Park, C.S., Jeong, S.M., Kim, S.J., Lee, J.S., Kim, H.S., and Homg, I.P. (2009). "Development of governance system for river restoration." Proceedings of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 2001, KSCE, pp. 644-648.
  30. Presidential Commission on Sustainable Development (2005). A study on developing public conflict resolution model by analyzing conflict mediation process of Hantan River Dam.
  31. Provan, K.G., and Kenis, P. (2008). "Modes of network governance: structure, management, and effectiveness." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 229-252.
  32. Ratner, B.D., Meinzen-Dick, R., Hellin, J., Mapedza, E., Unruh, J., Veening, W., Haglund, E., May, C., and Bruch, C. (2013). Addressing conflict through collective action in natural resource management. Collective Action and Property Rights Working Paper No. 112, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
  33. Rogers, P., and Hall, A.W. (2003). Effective water governance. Technical Committee Background Papers No. 7, Global Water Partnership, Stockholm.
  34. Saaty, T.L. (1977). "A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures." Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 234-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
  35. Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  36. Shim, M.P., Jeong, S.M., and Kim, H.S. (2004). "Cause and solution technique of water conflict in watershed area." 2004 IHP Report, Ministry of Construction and Transportation.
  37. Shim, M.P., Jeong, S.M., and Kim, H.S. (2005). "Cause and solution technique of water conflict in watershed area." 2005 IHP Report, Ministry of Construction and Transportation.
  38. Sorensen, E., and Torfing, J. (2005). "Network governance and post-liberal democracy." Administrative Theory and Praxis, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 197-237.
  39. Tan, P.-L., Bowmer, K.H., and Baldwin, C. (2012). "Continued challenges in the policy and legal framework for collaborative water planning." Journal ofHydrology, Vol. 474, pp. 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.021
  40. Yi, C.S., Choi, S.A., Shim, M.P., and Jung, K.S. (2004). "Allocation of water supplied by multi-purpose dam using the estimate of weighting factors." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 663-674. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.8.663
  41. Yi, C.S., Lee, S.C., Kim, H.S., and Shim, M.P. (2005). "Multi-criteria decision making model for flood control project: 1. a comparative analysis of AHP and MAUT." Journal of Korea Society of Civil Engineers, KSCE, Vol. 25, No. 5B, pp. 337-346.
  42. Yi, C.S., Park, K., Choi, S.A. and Shim, M.P. (2006). "Water allocation by estimation of damage function in a water-deficit situation." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 441-452. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2006.39.5.441
  43. Yi, C.S., Yoo, J.Y., Yeo, K.D., and Lee, S.W. (2010). "Cost allocation between upstream and downstream regions for flood mitigation management." The Korea Spatial Planning Review, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Vol. 64, pp. 61-80.
  44. Zahedi, F. (1986). "The analytic hierarchy process: A survey of the method and its applications." Interfaces, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 96-108.

Cited by

  1. Development of Disaster Risk Assessment Method in River Confluence Using AHP vol.18, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.7.545