DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison between Atmospheric Chemistry Model and Observations Utilizing the RAQMS-CMAQ Linkage, Part II : Impact on PM2.5 Mass Concentrations Simulated

  • Lee, DaeGyun (National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • Received : 2014.03.06
  • Accepted : 2014.06.16
  • Published : 2014.06.30

Abstract

In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it was showed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQ linkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the default CMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in the conterminous US domain. In the present paper, the study is extended to investigate the influence of LBCs on PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling system was used for meteorological field generation, emissions preparation and air quality simulations, respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observations were used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefined LBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateral boundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showed strong variations both in the horizontal grid and vertical layers in the northern and western boundaries and affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQ PM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement of index of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.

Keywords

References

  1. Byun, D.W., Ching, J.K.S. (1999) Science Algorithms of the EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System. EPA/600/R-99/030, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States.
  2. Byun, D.W., Schere, K.L. (2006) Review of the governing equations, computational algorithms, and other components of the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System. Applied Mechanics Reviews 59, 51-77. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2128636
  3. Chin, M., Ginoux, P., Kinne, S., Torres, O., Holben, B.N., Duncan, B.N., Martin, R.V., Logan, J.A., Higurashi, A., Nakajima, T. (2002) Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sunphotometer measurements. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59, 461-483. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0461:TAOTFT>2.0.CO;2
  4. Chin, M., Ginoux, P., Lucchesi, R., Huebert, B., Weber, R., Anderson, T., Masonis, S., Blomquist, B., Bandy, A., Thornton, D. (2003) A global aerosol model forecast for the ACE-Asia field experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003 108(D23), 8654, doi:10.1029/2003JD003642.
  5. Grell, G., Dudhia, J., Stauffer, D. (1994) A Description of the Fifth-Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), NCAR/TN-398+STR. NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA.
  6. Hong, S.Y., Pan, H.L. (1996) Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a Medium-Range Forecast model. Monthly Weather Review 2322-2339.
  7. In, H., Daewon, B., Rokjin, P., Nan-Kyung, M., Soontae, K., Sharon, Z. (2007) Impact of transboundary transport of carbonaceous aerosols on the regional air quality in the United States: A case study of the South American wildland fire of May 1998. Journal of Geophysical. Research 112, D07201, doi:10.1029/2006JD007544.
  8. Lee, D., Wang, J., Jiang, X., Lee, Y., Jang, K. (2012) Comparison between atmospheric chemistry model and observations utilizing the RAQMS-CMAQ linkage. Atmospheric Environment 61, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.083
  9. Kittaka, C., Pierce, B., Al-Saadi, J., Winker, D., Schaack, T., Soja, A., Tripoli, G., Silva, A., Szykman, J., Lambeth, B. (2007) Synthesis of multiple observations using a regional aerosol assimilation/forecast model (RAQMS) and assessment of biomass burning emission estimates. 16th Annual International Emission Inventory Conference. Emission Inventories: "Integration, Analysis, and Communications", U.S. EPA.
  10. Ngan, F. (2008) Classification of Weather Patterns and Improvement of Meteorological Inputs for TexAQS-II Air Quality Simulations, Doctoral dissertation, University of Houston.
  11. Pierce, R.B., Al-Saadi, A., Schaack, T., Lenzen, A., Zapotocny, T., Johnson, D., Kittaka, C., Buker, M., Hitchman, M.H., Tripoli, G., Fairlie, T.D., Olson, J.R., Natarajan, M., Crawford, J., Fishman, J., Avery, M., Browell, E.V., Creilson, J., Kondo, Y., Sandholm, S.T. (2003) Regional Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) predictions of the tropospheric ozone budget over east Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD003176.
  12. Pierce, R.B., Schaack, T., Al-Saadi, J.A., Fairlie, T.D., Kittaka, C., Lingenfelser, G., Natarajan, M., Olson, J., Soja, A., Zapotocny, T., Lenzen, A., Stobie, J., Johnson, D., Avery, M.A., Sachse, G.W., Thompson, A., Cohen, R., Dibb, J.E., Crawford, J., Rault, D., Martin, R., Szykman, J., Fishman, F. (2007) Chemical data assimilation estimates of continental US ozone and nitrogen budgets during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America. Journal of Geophysical Research 112, doi:10.1029/2006JD007722.
  13. Pierce, R.B., Al-Saadi, J., Kittaka, C., Schaack, T., Lenzen, A., Bowman, K., Szykman, J., Soja, A., Ryerson, T., Thompson, A.M., Bhartia, P., Morris, G.A. (2009) Impacts of background ozone production on Houston and Dallas, Texas, air quality during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field mission. Journal of Geophysical Research 114, doi:10.1029/2008JD011337.
  14. Russell, A., Dennis, R. (2000) NARSTO critical review of photochemical models and modeling. Atmospheric Environment 34, 2283-2384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00468-9
  15. Seigneur, C., Pai, P., Hopke, P.K., Grosjean, D. (1999) Modeling atmospheric particulate matter. Environmental Science and Technology 33, 80A-86A. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9926820
  16. Smyth, S.C., Jiang, W., Yin, D., Roth, H., Giroux, E. (2006) Evaluation of CMAQ O3 and PM2.5 performance using Pacific 2001 measurement data, Atmospheric Environment 40, 2735-2749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.068
  17. Song, C.K., Byun, D.W., Pierce, R.B., Alsaadi, J.A., Schaack, T.K., Vukovich, F. (2008) Downscale linkage of global model output for regional chemical transport modeling: Method and general performance. Journal of Geophysical Research 113, doi:10.1029/2007JD008951.