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Economic Loss Estimation of Mt. Baekdu Eruption Scenarios

백두산 화산 분화 시나리오에 따른 경제적 손실 평가

  • Yu, Soonyoung (Research Institute for Social Criticality, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Yun-Jung (Creative Human Resource Development Program for IT Convergence, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yoon, Seong-Min (Department of Economics, Pusan National University) ;
  • Choi, Ki-Hong (Department of Economics, Pusan National University)
  • 유순영 (부산대학교 사회급변현상연구소) ;
  • 이윤정 (부산대학교 IT기반 융합산업 창의인력양성 사업단) ;
  • 윤성민 (부산대학교 경제학부) ;
  • 최기홍 (부산대학교 경제학부)
  • Received : 2014.04.14
  • Accepted : 2014.05.03
  • Published : 2014.06.28

Abstract

As Mt. Backdu is expected to erupt, the social and economic impacts of the eruption on the Korean peninsula as well as on the world become a research topic of interest. If the volcano erupts, South Korea can be directly impacted by volcanic ash, which will bring out secondary damages in various ways. Given that the direct damage is a basis to estimate indirect and secondary damages, this paper was to review a method to estimate direct damages, called catastrophe risk models, and estimate the direct damages of available eruption scenarios of Mt. Baekdu. Based on the results, the damages by volcanic ash will occur mostly around Gangwon province if the Mt. Backdu erupts. Thus the inventory lists and their damage functions of Gangwon provinces were collected. In particular agricultural and forestry products were surveyed based on the land use. Direct damages were estimated using volcanic ash distribution of eruption scenarios, inventory information and their damage functions. In result, a scenario in winter caused the damage of 299.8 billion KRW (20.4% of total agricultural production in 2010) and 28.9 billion KRW (9.0% of total forestry production in 2010) in agriculture and forestry, respectively. The damages in agriculture was larger, and it is due to the damage functions which show the agricultural products are more vulnerable to volcanic ash than forestry products. Also the agricultural production (1,471.7 billion KRW in 2010) are more than 4.5 times the forestry production (322.3 billion KRW in 2010) in Gangwon province. Inje and Gangnung had the most damages in the scenario in winter. Inje had the most damage due to the thick ash deposit (8.5 mm in average) despite the low production. On the other hand, Goseong had a low damage compared to the ash thickness larger than 20mm, owing to the low production. The direct damage estimated through this process can be used to estimate indirect damages.

백두산 화산의 분화 가능성이 높아지면서, 백두산 화산 분화가 한반도를 비롯하여 지구촌에 미칠 사회경제적 영향에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 백두산 화산이 분화할 경우 남한지역은 특히 화산재로 인한 직접 피해를 입게 되며, 이로 인한 2차 피해가 다양한 형태로 나타날 수 있다. 이에 이 연구는 백두산 화산 분화의 사회경제적 영향 평가에 있어 기초가 되는 직접 피해액 계산 방법을 고찰해 보고, 백두산 화산 분화 시나리오의 직접 피해액을 산정해 보고자 하였다. 직접 피해액 산정 방법으로는 재난 리스크 모델링 기술을 활용하였다. 현재까지 연구 결과에 의하면, 백두산 화산 분화 시 강원도 지역을 중심으로 화산재 피해를 입게 된다. 이에 강원도 지역을 중심으로 피해목적물 정보를 구축하였으며, 특히 강원도 전체 면적의 90% 이상을 차지하는 농업과 임업 분야를 중심으로 피해목적물 정보를 구축하고, 피해목적물별 손상함수를 정리하였다. 백두산 화산 분화 시나리오에 따른 화산재 두께 분포와 피해목적물의 공간 정보 및 자산 정보, 그리고 손상함수를 활용하여 피해액을 산출한 결과, 이 연구에서 참고한 겨울철 시나리오의 경우, 농업과 임업분야에서 각각 2,998억원(2010년 생산액의 20.4%)과 289억원(2010년 생산액의 9.0%)의 피해를 입는 것으로 나타났다. 농업분야에서 더 큰 피해를 입는 것을 알 수 있는데, 이 연구에 사용된 손상함수에 따르면, 농산물이 임산물보다 화산재에 더 취약하기 때문이다. 또한 강원도 지역은 농산물 생산액(2010년 기준 14,717억원)이 임산물 생산액(2010년 기준 3,223억원)보다 4.5배 이상 크다. 겨울철 시나리오의 경우, 피해액이 가장 큰 지역은 인제군, 강릉시 등으로 인제군은 비록 생산액은 많지 않으나 화산재 두께가 높이 쌓여(평균 8.5 mm) 큰 피해를 입힌 것으로 나타났다. 반면 고성군의 경우 20 mm 이상의 화산재 두께가 쌓이나 생산액이 적어 비교적 적은 피해를 보였다. 이와같이 산정된 직접 피해액은 투입산출모형과 같은 간접피해평가모형을 통해 간접 피해를 계산하는데 활용될 수 있다.

Keywords

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