Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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The Construction and Management of Artificial Wetland Using Emergent Macrophytes for High Biomass Production

대형정수식물을 활용한 높은 생산성의 인공습지 조성 및 관리

  • Received : 2013.11.25
  • Accepted : 2014.01.06
  • Published : 2014.02.28
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Abstract

To present a guideline on the construction and management of artificial wetlands for high biomass production, three emergent macrophytes (Phragmites australis, PA; Typha angustifolia, TA; and Zizania latifolia, ZL) were planted under two substrates conditions (general soil with and without moss peat) and two water levels (5 cm and 20 cm) and monitored for three years. ZL showed greater growth performance rather than the others not only at early growth phase in the first year [shoot height, 200 cm; above-ground dry weight (AGDW), 500 $g/m^2$] but also in the last year (ZL, 1,100 $g/m^2$; TA, 770 $g/m^2$; and PA, 450 $g/m^2$ of AGDW). ZL with rapid growth at the early growth phase was not affected by naturally introduced weeds, whereas slower and poorer growth of PA and TA at the early growth phase resulted in relatively higher introduction and establishment of natural weeds. In turn, such introduced weeds negatively contributed to the growth of PA and TA particularly under shallow water (5 cm) with the substrate condition including moss peat. We suggest a plant material with rapid and great growth at the early phase such as ZL for reducing possible negative influences by the natural weeds and wild animals for high biomass production in constructed wetlands. A pre-growing process in greenhouse prior to planting might be an useful option to raise the competitiveness of those species when planting PA and/or TA. In addition, we recommend that integrated weed management system with utilizing various options at the most appropriate timing must be applied for maintaining sustainable high biomass production at the artificial wetlands.

높은 생산성을 위한 인공습지 조성 및 관리 방안 제시를 위해 세 가지 대형정수식물(갈대, 애기부들, 줄)을 두 가지 매질조건(개별 매질과 혼합 매질)과 두 가지 수위 조건(5 cm와 20 cm)에 식재한 뒤 3년간의 모니터링을 수행하였다. 그 결과 줄의 경우 조성 환경에 상관없이 첫 해 초기 생육(최대 초고, 약 200 cm; 최대 지상부 생산성 약 500 $g/m^2$)뿐만 아니라 3년경과 후 최종 생육(줄, 약 1,100 $g/m^2$; 애기부들, 770 $g/m^2$; 갈대, 450 $g/m^2$)에 있어, 전반적으로 갈대나 애기부들에 비해 월등하게 나타났다. 특히 초기 생육이 좋았던 줄은 자연적으로 유입돼 발생하는 잡초들에 의한 피해가 거의 없었던 반면 갈대나 애기부들의 경우 다년생 잡초를 포함한 여러 잡초와의 종간 경쟁으로 생육이 다소 부진하였다. 특히 얕은 수심환경과 moss peat를 포함한 혼합 매질 조건에선 식재종들의 생육이 전반적으로 부진하였으며, 그로 인해 잡초들의 생육이 상대적으로 좋았다. 높은 지상부 생산성을 위한 인공습지 조성을 위해선 줄과 같이 생육 환경에 크게 구애받지 않으며 초기 생육이 뛰어난 종의 선발을 통해 자연유입 잡초나 야생동물 등에 의한 피해를 최소화시켜야 할 것이다. 만약 줄이 아닌 갈대나 애기부들과 같은 종을 식재하고자 한다면 온실과 같은 환경에서 일정 수준 이상 생육시킨 뒤 식재함으로써 더욱 경쟁력을 제고시킬 수 있을 것이다. 더불어 높은 지상부 생산성을 위한 인공습지를 지속적으로 유지시키기 위해선 한두 가지 선택지가 아닌 제초와 관련된 최적의 관리방안들을 적시에 활용하는 통합적 잡초 관리 시스템의 적용을 제안하는 바이다.

Keywords

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