The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Development of the Holocene Sediments in Gamak Bay of the South Sea, Korea

남해 가막만의 현생퇴적층 발달특성

  • Kim, So Ra (Department of Energy Resource Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Gwang Soo (Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Choi, Dong Lim (South Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Kim, Dae Choul (Department of Energy Resource Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Tae Hee (Maritime Security Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Seo, Young Kyo (Gematek Corporation)
  • 김소라 (부경대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 이광수 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 최동림 (한국해양과학기술원 남해특성연구부) ;
  • 김대철 (부경대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 이태희 (한국해양과학기술원 해양방위센터) ;
  • 서영교 (지마텍 주식회사)
  • Received : 2013.11.26
  • Accepted : 2014.03.01
  • Published : 2014.05.28
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Abstract

High-resolution seismic profiles coupled with sediment sampling were analyzed to investigate the acoustic characters and distribution patterns of the late Holocene sediments in Gamak Bay of the South Sea, Korea. The mean grain size of surficial sediment lies around $6.3{\sim}9.7{\Phi}$. Sediments in the bay consist of silt and clay with progressive decrease toward the inner bay. The seismic sedimentary sequence overlying the acoustic basement can be divided into two sedimentary units (GB I and II) by a prominent mid-reflector (Maximum Flooding Surface; MFS). The acoustic basement occurs at the depth between 20 m and 40 m below the sea-level and deepens gradually southward. The GB I, mostly occupying the channel-fill, is characterized by reflection-free seismic facies. It can be formed as late Transgressive System Tract (TST), interpreted tidal environment deposits. MFS appears at the depth of about 15~28 m below the sea-level and is well defined by even and continuous reflectors on the seismic profile. The GB II overlying MFS is composed of acoustically transparent to semitransparent and parallel internal reflectors. GB II is interpreted as the Highstand System Tract (HST) probably deposited during the last 6,000 yrs when the sea level was close to the present level. Especially, it is though that the GB II was subdivided into two layers (GB II-a and II-b) by a HST-reflector and this was classified by wind, sea water flux, and tidal current.

남해대륙붕 가막만의 현생퇴적층 음향특성과 분포양상을 조사하기 위해 고해상도 탄성파 자료와 퇴적물을 분석하였다. 표층퇴적물의 입도는 주로 $6.3{\sim}9.7{\Phi}$의 분포를 보인다. 퇴적물은 니질과 실트로 구성되어 있으며, 내만으로 갈수록 입도가 감소한다. 고해상도 탄성파 자료에서 나타나는 가막만의 층서는 하부 경계면인 음향기반암 위로 2개의 퇴적층서(GB I과 II)로 구성되며 이들 층서는 중간 반사 경계면(최대해침면)에 의해 구분된다. 매우 불규칙한 형태를 보이는 음향기반암은 일반적으로 해수면 아래 약 20 m에서부터 최대 40 m 깊이에서 나타나며, 남쪽으로 갈수록 깊어진다. 하부층인 GB I은 수로를 피복하는 형태로 발달하고 있으며 무층리 반사 특징을 보인다. 이는 후기 해침동안 퇴적된 해침퇴적계열(TST)로, 조간대환경 퇴적층으로 해석할 수 있다. 최대해침면은 평균 해수면 아래 약 15 m에서부터 28 m 깊이에서 나타나며, 탄성파 단면상에서 편평하고 연속적인 반사면으로 나타난다. 최대해침면 위에 놓여있는 GB II는 투명 혹은 반투명한 음향특성, 그리고 평행한 반사 층리로 구성되며, 해수면이 현재의 위치에 도달했던 지난 6,000년 이후에 퇴적된 고해수면 퇴적계열(HST)로 해석된다. 특히, GB II 퇴적층은 고해수면 반사 경계면에 의해 2개의 층(GB II-a and II-b)으로 세분화되며 이는 바람, 해수 유동량, 그리고 조류에 의해 구분된 것으로 생각된다.

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