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Morphological Characteristics and Classification Criteria for Azalea Cultivars for Landscaping in Korea

조경용 철쭉재배품종의 형태적 특성 및 분류기준

  • Choi, Jae-Jin (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Park, Seok-Gon (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Sunchon National University)
  • 최재진 (순천대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 박석곤 (순천대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2014.02.11
  • Accepted : 2014.04.18
  • Published : 2014.04.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the morphological characteristics of those Azalea Cultivars(hereinafter, Azalea Cultivars) that are mainly used for landscaping in Korea in order to prepare classification criteria. As testing materials, major Azalea Cultivars cultivated in large quantities by its producing companies were collected. Thereafter, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the traits of Azalea Cultivars were investigated in the way of characteristic investigation for new cultivars of azalea used by the Korea Seed and Variety Service in order to classify them and prepare the classification criteria. Since cultivar names have not been established for Azalea Cultivars for landscaping thus far, the data were compiled using the names used by cultivating companies. According to the results, Azalea Cultivars cultivated in Suncheon, Jeonnam mainly for landscaping were 10 in number; Beni, Daewang, Three, Zasanhong, Hancheol, Sancheoljuk, Gyeobsancheoljuk, Baekcheoljuk, Akado, and Seok-am. Among them, the cultivars Beni, Daewang, and Three could not be easily distinguished from each other because they are commonly called Yeongsanhong by cultivating companies and the shapes of their leaves and flowers are similar to each other. In particular, the flower color of Beni was 'bright red', that of Daewang was 'vivid purple', and that of Three was 'bright purple'. In addition, Zasanhong and Hancheol were similar to each other in shape the degree of expression of spots on the flowers and the gloss on the front side of the leaves of Hancheol were higher and stronger compared to that of Zasanhong. Sancheoljuk flowered in early April, earlier compared to other Azalea Cultivars. Gyeobsancheoljuk is an elementary species of Sancheoljuk and it had double flowers although all other traits were similar to those of Sancheoljuk. Although Baekcheoljuk was easily distinguished because it had white flowers, its leaves were similar to those of Akado the reason why these two cultivars could not be easily distinguished from each other. The cultivar Akado flowered early May later compared to other Azalea Cultivars and its flowers were relatively large in diameter as with Baekcheoljuk and Sancheoljuk. Finally, the cultivar Seok-am was easily distinguished because it had smaller leaves compared to other cultivars and it flowered late as with the cultivar Akado.

본 연구는 조경용으로 주로 이용되는 철쭉재배품종(이하 철쭉류)의 형태적 특성을 조사해 분류기준을 마련하고자 실시되었다. 공시재료로서 철쭉류 생산농가에서 대량 재배되는 주요 철쭉류를 수집하였다. 그 후에 국립종자원의 철쭉 신품종심사를 위한 특성조사요령에 준하여 철쭉류의 질적 양적 형질특성을 조사하여, 철쭉류의 재배품종 분류 및 분류기준을 마련하였다. 현재, 조경용 철쭉류는 재배품종명이 정립되어 있지 않았으므로 생산농가 등에서 사용하는 명칭대로 데이터를 정리하였다. 그 결과, 전남 순천지역에 조경용으로 주로 재배되는 철쭉류는 베니, 대왕, 쓰리, 자산홍, 한철, 산철쭉, 겹산철쭉, 백철쭉, 아까도, 석암 등 10개였다. 이 중에 베니, 대왕, 쓰리 품종은 생산농가에서 영산홍으로 통칭해 불리며, 잎과 꽃의 형태가 유사해 구분이 쉽지 않았다. 특히 베니의 화색은 '밝은 빨강'이었고, 대왕은 '선명한 자주', 쓰리는 '밝은 자주'로 조사되었다. 또한 자산홍과 한철은 그 형태가 비슷하였으나, 한철은 자산홍에 비해 꽃의 반점 발현정도와 잎 앞면의 광택이 강한 편이다. 산철쭉은 다른 철쭉류에 비해 4월 초에 꽃이 일찍 피었다. 겹산철쭉은 산철쭉의 기본종으로 모든 형질이 산철쭉과 유사하였으나, 꽃이 겹꽃으로 피었다. 백철쭉은 꽃이 흰색으로 피어 쉽게 구분되었지만, 잎이 아까도 품종과 비슷하여 두 재배품종의 구분이 쉽지 않았다. 아까도 품종은 다른 철쭉류에 비해 5월 초에 개화시기가 늦었고, 꽃의 직경이 백철쭉, 산철쭉과 함께 넓은 편이었다. 마지막으로 석암 품종은 잎 크기가 다른 재배품종에 비해 비교적 작아 쉽게 구분되었으며, 아까도 품종과 함께 늦게 개화하였다.

Keywords

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