The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Three-dimensional symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria in patients with facial asymmetry

  • Kim, Min-Gun (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Woo (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University) ;
  • Cha, Kyung-Suk (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University) ;
  • Chung, Dong-Hwa (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Min (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2012.09.10
  • Accepted : 2013.06.28
  • Published : 2014.03.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) imaging. Methods: The locations of the bilateral skeletal and soft-tissue poria in 29 patients with facial asymmetry (asymmetric group) and 29 patients without facial asymmetry (symmetric group) were measured in 3D reconstructed models of CT images by using a 3D coordinate system. The mean intergroup differences in the anteroposterior and vertical angular deviations of the poria and their anteroposterior and vertical parallelism were statistically analyzed. Results: The symmetric and asymmetric groups showed significant anteroposterior angular differences in both the skeletal and the soft-tissue poria (p = 0.007 and 0.037, respectively; Mann-Whitney U-test). No significant differences in the anteroposterior and vertical parallelism of the poria were noted ($p{\leq}0.05$; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Conclusions: In general, the skeletal poria are parallel to the soft-tissue poria. However, patients with facial asymmetry tend to have asymmetric poria.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim YH, Sato K, Mitani H, Shimizu Y, Kikuchi M. Asymmetry of the sphenoid bone and its suitability as a reference for analyzing craniofacial asymmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:656-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.01.004
  2. Katsumata A, Fujishita M, Maeda M, Ariji Y, Ariji E, Langlais RP. 3D-CT evaluation of facial asymmetry. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;99:212-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.072
  3. Park SH, Yu HS, Kim KD, Lee KJ, Baik HS. A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3- dimensional computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:600. e23-34.
  4. Kim WS, Lee KH, Hwang HS. Comparison of asymmetric degree between maxillofacial hard and soft tissue in facial asymmetric subjects using three-dimensional computed tomography. Korean J Orthod 2005;35:163-73.
  5. Ghom AG. Textbook of oral radiology. Noida, India: Elsevier (A Division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Limited); 2008.
  6. Ahn JS, Hwang HS. Relationship between perception of facial asymmetry and posteroanterior cephalometric measurements. Korean J Orthod 2001;31: 489-98.
  7. Lee MS, Chung DH, Lee JW, Cha KS. Assessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 138:23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.08.029
  8. Kim KS, Kim YJ, Lee KH, Kim YH, Kook YA. Level of perception of changed lip protrusion and asymmetry of the lower facial height. Korean J Orthod 2006;36: 434-41.
  9. Kwon TG, Park HS, Ryoo HM, Lee SH. A comparison of craniofacial morphology in patients with and without facial asymmetry--a three-dimensional analysis with computed tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;35:43-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2005.04.006
  10. Yoo SK, Kim YO, Kim HJ, Kim NH, Jang YB, Kim KD, et al. Alignment of CT images of skull dysmorphology using anatomy-based perpendicular axes. Phys Med Biol 2003;48:2681-95. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/48/16/308
  11. Kitaura H, Yonetsu K, Kitamori H, Kobayashi K, Nakamura T. Standardization of 3-D CT measurements for length and angles by matrix transformation in the 3-D coordinate system. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2000;37:349-56. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569(2000)037<0349:SODCMF>2.3.CO;2
  12. Cho JH, Moon JY. Comparison of midsagittal reference plane in PA cephalogram and 3D CT. Korean J Orthod 2010;40:6-15. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2010.40.1.6
  13. Grayson BH, McCarthy JG, Bookstein F. Analysis of craniofacial asymmetry by multiplane cephalometry. Am J Orthod 1983;84:217-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(83)90129-X
  14. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod 1991;61:43-8.
  15. Maeda M, Katsumata A, Ariji Y, Muramatsu A, Yoshida K, Goto S, et al. 3D-CT evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with maxillofacial deformities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:382-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.10.057
  16. Captier G, Leboucq N, Bigorre M, Canovas F, Bonnel F, Bonnafé A, et al. Plagiocephaly: morphometry of skull base asymmetry. Surg Radiol Anat 2003; 25:226-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-003-0118-x
  17. Huang MH, Gruss JS, Clarren SK, Mouradian WE, Cunningham ML, Roberts TS, et al. The differential diagnosis of posterior plagiocephaly: true lambdoid synostosis versus positional molding. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;98:765-74; discussion 775-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199610000-00001
  18. Lo LJ, Marsh JL, Pilgram TK, Vannier MW. Plagiocephaly: differential diagnosis based on endocranial morphology. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;97:282-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199602000-00003
  19. Mulliken JB, Vander Woude DL, Hansen M, LaBrie RA, Scott RM. Analysis of posterior plagiocephaly: deformational versus synostotic. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;103:371-80. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199902000-00003
  20. Kane AA, Lo LJ, Vannier MW, Marsh JL. Mandibular dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis and plagiocephaly without synostosis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1996;33:418-23. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569(1996)033<0418:MDIUSA>2.3.CO;2
  21. St John D, Mulliken JB, Kaban LB, Padwa BL. Anthropometric analysis of mandibular asymmetry in infants with deformational posterior plagiocephaly. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;60:873-7. https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2002.33855

Cited by

  1. Positional symmetry of porion and external auditory meatus in facial asymmetry vol.37, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-015-0033-1
  2. Fluctuating asymmetry of the normal facial skeleton vol.47, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.10.011