DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of the Volatile Organic Compounds of Persimmon Flower according to Tree Age and Floral Organ

감나무 수령과 감꽃 기관에 따른 휘발성 향기성분 분석

  • Kim, Ji Hye (Dept. of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Hong, Sae Jin (Dept. of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Shin, Il Sheob (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Eum, Hyang Lan (NICME Pyeongchang branch institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University)
  • 김지혜 (강릉원주대학교 식물생명과학과) ;
  • 홍세진 (강릉원주대학교 식물생명과학과) ;
  • 신일섭 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 엄향란 (서울대학교 그린바이오과학기술연구원 나이셈 평창분원)
  • Received : 2014.09.06
  • Accepted : 2014.11.12
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) flower. VOCs of persimmon flower was collected via SPE (solid phase micro extraction) and determined by GC-MS according to tree age and organs such as flower and calyx. The ratio of early bloom was higher in more than 15 year old tree than other trees showing tree age was related with flowering rate. Major VOCs of persimmon flower was a-pinene, butane, caryophyllene, cubebene, lavandulol, D-limoneneylangene, ylangene, mainly included green, fruit, and floral flavors. The number of VOCs in persimmon flower was 30 compounds in 5-9 years old tree, 24 compounds in 10-14 years old tree, and 32 compounds in more than 15 years old tree. In comparison with VOCs in organs of sweet persimmon 'Fuyu' cultivar, flower has 10 compounds of VOCs and 26.35% of relative peak area, while calyx has 14 compounds and 46.28%, respectively. In astringent persimmon, flower has 6 compounds of VOCs and 17.58% of relative peak area, while calyx has 9 compounds and 50.27%, showing calyx of both cultivars has various volatile compounds. This study will contribute to provide a basic data for the fragrance industry to use the flavor of persimmon flower.

본 연구는 감꽃의 주요 향기성분을 알아보기 위해서 감나무 수령별로 감꽃의 향기성분을 SPME를 이용하여 분석하고, 기관을 꽃과 꽃받침으로 분류하여 향기성분을 비교하였다. 감나무 수령별 감꽃의 만개율은 15년생 이상, 10-14년생, 5-9년생 순으로 수령이 오래될수록 초기 만개율이 높았다. 감나무 수령에 따른 감꽃 향기성분 분석 시 동정된 주요 향기 성분은 a-pinene, butene, caryophyllene, cubebene, lavandulol, D-limoneneylangene, ylangene 등의 성분을 얻을 수 있었다. 대부분이 green향, fruit계, floral계의 옅은 향도 포함하고 있었다. 감꽃에 존재하는 휘발성 향기성분의 수는 5-9년생은 30종, 10-14년생은 24종, 그리고 15년생 이상에서는 32종으로 수령이 5년 미만과 15년 이상에서 많은 향기성분이 조사되었다. 감꽃을 꽃받침과 나누어 향기성분을 비교하면 단감 '부유' 품종 중 꽃의 향기 성분은 10개이고 상대적인 총 함량은 26.35%이며, 꽃받침은 향기 성분은 14개이고 상대적인 총 함량은 46.28%로 꽃에 비해서 더 다양한 향기성분이 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다. 반면 떫은감 '둥시' 품종은 꽃에서는 6개의 향기성분이 17.58%, 꽃받침에서는 9개의 향기 성분이 50.27%로, '부유' 품종에 좀더 다양한 향기성분이 존재하였다. 본 연구는 감꽃 향기를 이용하고자 하는 향기산업에 기초자료를 제공하는데 기여할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Byun, M.S., M.J. Kim, M.K. Kwon, Y.Y. Han, and K.W. Kim. 2007. Characteristic comparison of the blossom scent in different flowering stages and floral organs of Lilium using an electronic nose. Flower Res. J. 15:1-8.
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2011. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor.
  3. Heo, I.D., H.J. Seo, and J.D. Kim. 2007. Anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion effect of the Camellia japonica flower extract. J. Life Sci. 17:1152-1156. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2007.17.8.1152
  4. Hong, J.H., H.J. Kim, Y.H. Choi, and I.S. Lee. 2008. Physiological activities of dried persimmon, fresh persimmon and persimmon leaves. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37:957-964. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.8.957
  5. Jo, Y.J., O.M. Kim, and Y.J. Jeong. 2013. Monitoring of the changes in volatile flavor components in oriental melon wine using SPME. Korean J. Food Preserv. 20:207-214. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.2.207
  6. Jung, U.J., J.S. Lee, S.H. Bok, and M.S. Choi. 2011. Effects of extracts of persimmon leaf, buckwheat leaf, and chinese matrimony vine leaf on body fat and lipid metabolism in rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 40:1215-1226. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.9.1215
  7. Kang, J.M., I.H. Cha, Y.K. Lee, and H.S. Ryu. 1997. Identification of volatile essential oil, and flavor characterization and antibacterial effect of fractions from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. I. Identification of volatile essential oil compounds from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 26:209-213.
  8. Kim, J.H., S.H. Park, H.G. Mun, I.S. Lee, and J.K. Kim. 2006. Analysis of useful components for freeze-dried persimmon flower powder by cultivar. Korean J. Food Preserv. 13:691-696.
  9. Kolosova, N., D. Sherman, D. Karison, and N. Dudareva. 2001. Cellular and subcellular localization of S-adenosyl-Lmethionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methylbenzoate in snapdragon flowers. Plant Physiol. 126:956-964. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.956
  10. Lawless, J. 1995. The illustrated encyclopedia of essential oils: The complete guide to the use of oils in aromatherapy and herbalism. Element books Ltd. UK.
  11. Lee, Y.S., K.I. Seo, and K.H. Shim. 1999. Antimicrobial activities of chestnut flower extracts (Castanea crenata). Kor. J. Postharvest Sci. Technol. 6:104-109.
  12. Lee, Y.S., S.J. Kim, and K.J. Kim. 2008. Analysis of volatile compounds according to the flowering stages of rose using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 26:501-507.
  13. Luo, Z. and R. Wang. 2008. Persimmon in China: Domestication and traditional utilizations of genetic resources. Advances in Horticultural Science 22:239-243.
  14. Mactavish, H.S. and R.C. Menary. 1998. Biosysnthesis of volatiles in brown boronia flowers after harvest: Effect of harvest time and incubation conditions. Annals of Botany 81:83-89. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1997.0533
  15. Park, H. 1999. Expression mechanism and bioactivity of flower fragrance. Flower Color and Fragrance. 1:49-68.
  16. Seo, J.H., Y.J. Jeong, and K.S. Kim. 2000. Physiological characteristics of tannins isolated from astringent persimmon fruits. Korea J. Food Sci. Technol. 32: 212-217.
  17. Yang, H.J. 2010. The dictionary of flavor terminology. Namyang Culture Publishers, Korea
  18. Zhuang, X., W.E. Klingeman, J. Hu, and F. Chen. 2008. Emission of volatile chemicals from flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) flowers. J. Agri. Food Chem. 56:9570-9574. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801651v