Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Congenital Malaria in Newborns Selected for Low Birth-Weight, Anemia, and Other Possible Symptoms in Maumere, Indonesia

  • Fitri, Loeki Enggar (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya) ;
  • Jahja, Natalia Erica (Department of Pediatrics, dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya) ;
  • Huwae, Irene Ratridewi (Department of Pediatrics, dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya) ;
  • Nara, Mario B. (Department of Pediatrics, Dr. TC. Hillers Hospital) ;
  • Berens-Riha, Nicole (Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU))
  • Received : 2014.04.28
  • Accepted : 2014.08.18
  • Published : 2014.12.31
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Abstract

Congenital malaria is assumed to be a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas like Maumere, Indonesia. Infected infants are susceptible to its impact such as premature labor, low birth weight, anemia, and other unspecified symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital malaria and the influence of mother-infant paired parasite densities on the clinical outcome of the newborns at TC Hillers Hospital, Maumere. An analytical cross sectional study was carried out in newborns which showed criteria associated with congenital malaria. A thick and thin blood smear confirmed by nested PCR was performed in both mothers and infants. The association of congenital malaria with the newborn's health status was then assessed. From 112 mother-infant pairs included in this study, 92 were evaluated further. Thirty-nine infants (42.4%) were found to be infected and half of them were asymptomatic. Infected newborns had a 4.7 times higher risk in developing anemia compared to uninfected newborns (95% CI, 1.3-17.1). The hemoglobin level, erythrocyte amount, and hematocrit level were affected by the infants' parasite densities (P<0.05). Focusing on newborns at risk of congenital malaria, the prevalence is almost 3 times higher than in an unselected collective. Low birth weight, anemia, and pre-term birth were the most common features. Anemia seems to be significantly influenced by infant parasite densities but not by maternal parasitemia.

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