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Optimum Nutrient Solution Strength for Korean Strawberry Cultivar 'Daewang' during Seedling Period

국내 육성 신품종 딸기 '대왕'의 육묘기 적정 배양액 농도

  • 전하준 (대구대학교 생명환경대학 원예학과) ;
  • 전의환 (대구대학교 생명환경대학 원예학과) ;
  • 강수인 (대구대학교 생명환경대학 원예학과) ;
  • 배근혜 (대구대학교 생명환경대학 원예학과)
  • Received : 2014.04.29
  • Accepted : 2014.07.03
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

Raising seedlings is important for fruit crops and is especially significant for strawberries as it accounts for 80% of their cultivation. However, there are few studies on raising seedlings of strawberries by hydroponics. Since strawberries show clear differences in growth characteristics based on cultivar, it is necessary to develop suitable fertilizer formula, concentration and pH for each cultivar, and also to examine the amount of nutrient feeding appropriate for each medium type. A key to raising seedlings of strawberries by hydroponics is the development of strategies to manage the concentration of nutrient solution. The mother plants of 'Daewang' strawberries were planted on hydroponics benches filled with cocopeat on March 28, 2012. Three nutrient solution treatments were employed during the term of raising seedlings: a type that supplied EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ nutrient solution for 30 days and only water for 20 days [0.6 (30) + 20]; a type that supplied EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ nutrient solution for 30 days and only water for 20 days [1.2 (30) + 20]; and a type that supplied EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ nutrient solution for 50 days [1.2 (50)]. The plants were then planted on hydroponics benches filled with cocopeat on September 20, and managed with EC $0.6-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ strawberry nutrient solution developed by Yamazaki. After planting, shoot growth, flowering rate and fruit quality of the first cluster were investigated. The petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and crown diameter showed the highest grown in the [1.2 (50)] treatment, followed by [1.2 (30) + 20], and then [0.6 (30) + 20], indicating that the higher concentration of nutrient solution was preferable for raising seedlings. However, the growth differences among treatments gradually disappeared as growth continued, and the crown diameter especially grew to exhibit almost no difference at all among treatments. The point of flowering came first in [0.6 (30) + 20], followed by [1.2 (30) + 20] and then [1.2 (50)]. The [0.6 (30) + 20] treatment showed much earlier flowering than other treatments, which implies that low-concentration nutrient solution may be beneficial to the flowering of 'Daewang' strawberries while raising seedlings. There was no statistically significant difference among treatments in fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit firmness. Fruit weight in [1.2 (50)] treatment was significantly higher than other treatments. However, soluble solids of fruit was the lowest in [1.2 (50)] treatment. Together, the results of this experiment imply that it is better to supply EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ solution for 30 days and then supply only water for 20 days to adequately manage concentration of nutrient solutions during the period of raising seedlings of strawberries by hydroponics.

과채류는 육묘의 중요성이 큰 것으로 알려져 있는데, 딸기는 육묘가 80%라고 할 정도로 육묘의 비중이 큰 것으로 인식하고 있다. 그러나 아직 딸기의 수경재배 육묘에 대한 연구는 국내외 모두 많지 않다. 딸기는 품종에 따라 생육 특성의 차이가 확연하게 다르므로 품종마다 적합한 비료 조성, 비료 농도와 pH 관리, 고형배지 종류별 적절한 급액량 구명 등이 필요한데, 딸기 수경재배 육묘에서 우선적으로 구명할 사항은 배양액의 농도관리 기술이라고 할 수 있다. '대왕(大王)' 딸기 모주를 2012년 3월 28일에 코코피트를 충진한 수경재배 육묘 벤치에 정식하였다. 육묘기간 동안의 배양액 처리구는 각각 EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$의 배양액을 30일간 공급한 후 20일간 물만 공급한 구[0.6(30) + 20], EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$의 배양액을 30일간 공급한 후 20일간 물만 공급한 구[1.2(30) + 20], 그리고 EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$의 배양액을 50일간 공급한[1.2(50)] 3가지 처리구로 하였다. 9월 20일에 코코피트를 충진한 수경재배 벤치에 정식하고, 야마자키 조성 딸기배양액을 이용 하여 EC $0.6-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 관리하였다. 정식 후 지상부 생육, 개화율 그리고 정화방의 과실 품질을 조사하였다. 엽병장, 엽장, 엽폭 그리고 크라운 직경 모두 [1.2(50)], [1.2(30) + 20], [0.6(30) + 20] 처리구 순으로 육묘기의 배양액 농도가 높을수록 생육이 양호하였다. 그러나 생육이 진전됨에 따라 처리구 간의 생육차이는 점차 사라졌고 특히, 크라운의 직경은 처리구 간에 거의 차이가 없을 정도가 되었다. 개화는 [0.6(30) + 20], [1.2(30) + 20], [1.2(50)] 처리구 순으로 빨랐는데, 특히 [0.6(30) + 20] 처리구는 다른 처리구보다 월등하게 빠른 개화율을 나타내어 육묘기의 저농도의 배양액 관리가 '대왕' 딸기의 개화에는 유리한 것으로 생각되었다. 과장, 과경 및 과실의 경도는 처리구간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 과중은 [1.2(50)] 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 과실의 고형물 함량은 [1.2(50)] 처리구에서 가장 낮았고 다른 두 처리구에서 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 본 실험의 결과에서, 딸기의 수경재배 육묘기 동안 적정한 배양액의 농도 관리는 EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 30일간 공급한 후에 20일간 수분만 공급하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각되었다.

Keywords

References

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