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Occurrence of White Rust and Growth of Chrysanthemum 'Baekma' under Various Relative Humidity and Temperature Conditions in the Greenhouse

시설 내 상대습도 및 온도 조건에 따른 국화 '백마'의 생육과 흰녹병 발생

  • Yoo, Yong Kweon (Depratment of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Roh, Yong Seung (Institute of Natural Resources, Mokpo National University)
  • 유용권 (목포대학교 자연과학대학 원예과학과) ;
  • 노용승 (목포대학교 자연자원개발연구소)
  • Received : 2014.08.19
  • Accepted : 2014.10.16
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of relative humidity (70, 80, 90, and 95%) and to examine the interrelationship of temperature (15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity (60, 70, 80, and 90%) in the greenhouse on growth and occurrence of white rust in chrysanthemum 'Baekma'. The developmental stages of white rust were monitored from the initial occurrence to sporidium formation in teliospores. When the relative humidity of greenhouse was adjusted to 90% or more for 40 days, the occurrence rate of white rust, the number of infected leaves, and the number of symptoms per leaf were more than 97%, 10, and 55, respectively. However, in the treatment with 70% relative humidity, the occurrence rate of white rust dropped to 30% and only two spots of symptoms were observed with only 1 or 2 infected leaves per plant. The growth of cut flowers, such as fresh weight and leaf number, was the highest in 70% relative humidity. In the 90% relative humidity treatment, the first symptom of white spot appeared at 6 days after planting in chrysanthemum infected with white rust (stage 1), and then after one day, teliospores came out through the epidermal tissue of leaf (stage 2). The telium was formed with increasing teliospores after 1 to 2 days (stage 3), and then the promycelia developed from teliospores (stage 4). After a lapse of 4 to 5 days, sporidia formed on promycelia (stage 5). Regardless of relative humidity, white rust did not occur at all in treatments at $25^{\circ}C$. In treatments at $20^{\circ}C$, the number of sporidia was high regardless of relative humidity, but white rust did not occur in 60% and 70% relative humidity. As the relative humidity was higher, the number of sporidia and occurrence rate of white rust greatly increased, but the occurrence rate of white rust decreased to less than 14% in 60% and 70% relative humidity in treatment at $15^{\circ}C$.

본 연구는 스탠다드 국화 '백마'의 흰녹병 발생과 생육에 미치는 시설 내의 상대습도(70, 80, 90, 95%)의 영향을 조사한 후, 온도(15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)와 상대습도(60, 70, 80, 90%)의 상호관계를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 또한 흰녹병의 발생 초기부터 동포자퇴에서 소생자가 형성될 때까지 병 발생 단계를 관찰하였다. 국화 '백마'를 시설 재배 시 상대습도를 90% 이상 조건에서 40일간 처리되었을 때, 흰녹병 발생률이 97%, 주당 발병엽수가 10개, 발병엽당 병징수가 55개 이상으로 나타났다. 그러나, 상대습도를 70% 이하로 유지하면 흰녹병 발생률을 30% 낮출 수 있고, 한 주당 1-2개의 감염된 잎에 2개의 병징만 나타나 병해를 크게 줄일 수 있었다. 생체중과 엽수와 같은 절화의 품질은 다른 처리보다 상대습도 70% 처리에서 가장 우수하였다. 상대습도 90% 처리구에서 흰녹병에 감염된 국화를 정식한 후 6일 후에 첫 병징인 흰색 반점이 나타났고 (1단계), 1일 경과 후에 동포자가 잎의 표피 조직을 뚫고 나왔으며(2단계), 1-2일 후에 동포자의 수가 증가하면서 동포자퇴가 크게 형성되었다(3단계). 동포자에서 1-2일 후에 전균사체가 발달하였고(4단계), 4-5일 경과된 후 전균사체에서 소생자가 형성되었다(5단계). 시설 내 온도를 $25^{\circ}C$로 처리했을 때, 상대습도에 관계없이 흰녹병이 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 시설 내 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 상대습도에 관계없이 소생자수가 많았으나, 60%와 70%에서는 흰녹병이 발생하지 않았다. 시설 내 온도가 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 상대습도가 높을수록 소생자수가 많았고, 흰녹병 발생률도 높아졌으나, 상대습도가 낮은 60-70% 처리에서는 흰녹병 발생률이 14% 이하로 낮았다.

Keywords

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