Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회지)

The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회)
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The Variation of Cu Recovery by Electrowinning Conditions and Their Mineralogical Characteristics from Cathodic Deposition-powdered Copper

전기분해 조건에 따른 구리 회수 변화와 음극회수-구리분말에 대한 광물학적 특성

  • Cho, Kang-Hee (Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, Bong-Ju (Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Choi, Nag-Choul (Department of Rural Systems Engineering/Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Cheon-Young (Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University)
  • 조강희 (조선대학교 에너지.자원공학과) ;
  • 김봉주 (조선대학교 에너지.자원공학과) ;
  • 최낙철 (서울대학교 지역시스템공학과) ;
  • 박천영 (조선대학교 에너지.자원공학과)
  • Received : 2014.06.26
  • Accepted : 2014.12.17
  • Published : 2014.12.30
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Abstract

In order to study the mineralogical characteristics of a cathodic deposition-metallic powder, electrowinning experiments were carrier out on different electrolytic solutions at varying electric distances and electric currents. Under the same experimental conditions, Cu recovery was obtained much more effectively using a sodium chloride electrolyte than with a sulfuric acid electrolyte. In XRD analysis, copper ($Cu^0$), chalcanthite and cuprite were identified in the sulfuric acid electrolyte, while copper, nantokite and chalcanthite were observed in the sodium chloride electrolyte. In the sodium chloride electrolyte solution, increasing the electric distance and the electric current increased the Cu recovery rate, anode weight and anodic corrosion. The results of XRD analysis with non-pulverized cathodic deposition-metallic powder showed the average copper crystallite size was increased by increasing the electric current and decreasing the electric distance. It is suggested that the mass transfer was controlled with diffusion on the boundary between the electrode and the electrolytic solution due to the formation of dendrite copper.

전기분해로 회수된 음극회수-금속분말의 광물학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 전해질 종류, 전극간격 및 전류변화에 대하여 전기분해 실험을 수행하였다. 황산구리($CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$) 분말에 대한 황산 및 소금 전해질 용액을 사용한 전기분해 결과, 소금 전해질 용액에서 Cu의 수율이 다소 높았다. XRD 분석결과, 전해질 용액의 종류에 따라 광종이 변화되었다. 즉 구리($Cu^0$), chalcanthite 및 cuprite 등은 황산 전해질 용액에서, 그리고 구리, nantokite 및 chalcanthite 등은 소금 전해질 용액에서 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 소금 전해질 용액에서, 전극간격 및 전류(또는 전류밀도)는 Cu 회수율, 양극무게 감소와 비례하였으나 양극부식 강도는 전류와 비례 그리고 전극간격과는 반비례하는 경향을 보였다. 미분쇄하지 않은 음극-회수 금속분말에 대한 XRD분석에서 구리결정의 평균크기는 전극간격의 감소 및 전류가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 수지상 구리가 형성되는 것으로 보아 전극/용액 경계면에서 물질전달은 확산에 의해 통제되는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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