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보호지역 이해집단간 환경의식 차이에 관한 연구 -설악산 국립공원을 중심으로-

A Study on the Differences in Environmental Perceptions of the Interest Groups in the Protected Areas: Focused on Seoraksan National Park

  • 투고 : 2014.09.26
  • 심사 : 2014.12.12
  • 발행 : 2014.12.31

초록

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 보호지역인 국립공원에서 현실적으로 나타나고 있는 다양하고 복잡한 환경적 갈등을 보다 근본적인 수준에서 해결할 수 있는 생태시티즌십(ecological citizenship) 구현을 위한 기초단계로서 최근 국립공원 내 편의시설 설치와 관련하여 이용과 보전의 입장이 첨예한 대립을 보여주고 있는 설악산 국립공원을 대상으로 지역주민과 일반탐방객의 환경의식을 비교분석하였다. 자료 수집은 20014년 9월 6일부터 7일까지 설악산 국립공원 주변에 거주하는 지역주민 150명과 오색~대청봉간 탐방로 이용객 200명을 대상으로 일대일 면접 설문조사 방식으로 수행되었다. 설문 문항은 포괄적인 환경의식의 측정을 위해 대표적으로 이용되는 Dunlap과 Liere(1978)의 NEP척도 12개와 '자연자원의 회복가능성'을 추가한 총 13개의 측정변수로 구성하였다. 분석결과 지역주민과 탐방객 모두 '자연과의 조화'에 대한 의식이 '자연에 대한 인간의 지배' 차원에 대한 의식보다 높은 것으로 나타났고, 성장 억제 또는 자원의 이용에 있어서 적절한 통제가 바람직하다고 의식하는 환경중심적 시각에 대해서도 다소 긍정적으로 나타났다. 그러나 지역주민과 탐방객 사이에는 환경에 대한 의식 차이가 존재하여 탐방객이 지역주민에 비해 보다 적극적이고 강력한 수준의 환경의식을 지닌 것으로 분석되었다. 이런 결과는 국립공원 관련 정책이나 특정 사업의 시행 시 인간중심의 이용에 대한 의식이 상대적으로 강한 지역주민에게는 일반 국민이나 탐방객 대상의 규범적 접근법과는 다른 방법이 필요함을 시사해 준다. 전반적으로 교육수준이 높을수록, 연령이 낮을수록 환경의식이 높은 경향을 보이고 있고 특히 학생들이 가장 환경중심적인 의식이 높은 것으로 파악되어 향후 생태시티즌십 구현에 대한 높은 가능성도 제시하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 설악산국립공원만을 대상으로 하는 사례연구로서 연구결과의 일반화에 한계가 있고 이해집단의 환경의식과 그 차이에 대한 기초적 수준의 파악에 머무르고 있어 향후 전체 국립공원 대상의 표본 수집을 통한 후속연구가 요망된다.

This study, as a case where the environmental conflict and dispute arose between the use and the conservation as in the other protected areas in Korea, took the first step to build ecological citizenship to solve various and complicated issues in a fundamental level by providing a basic information on differentiated environmental perceptions of the locality and the visitors of Seoraksan National Park. The questionnaire survey was employed on September 6th and 7th with 150 residents of the park area and 200 visitors of Osaek-Daechungbong trail. Total number of 13 survey questions was introduced using Dunlap and Liere's NEP index. The result shows that the perception of 'balance of nature' was more dominant to the perception of 'humans over nature' and the perception to the 'limits to growth' was also somewhat positive in both groups. The differences in environmental perceptions between the groups exist; the visitor group tended to have more positive level of acceptance of NEP views. Such differences in perceptions suggest that a different normative approach should be taken to the residents of the national park with less pro-environment in their perceptions when policy making. It thus seemed possible that ecological citizenship could be realized since the younger and the higher education level are, the more pro-environment. The findings of the research may cause some concerns however, because the study has been confined as a case study with basic understanding of environmental perceptions and its differences between the interest groups. More extensive research is required to confirm if this is generalized.

키워드

참고문헌

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