DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Graphemes Segmentation for Arabic Online Handwriting Modeling

  • Boubaker, Houcine (Research Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM), National School of Engineers ENIS, University of Sfax) ;
  • Tagougui, Najiba (Research Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM), National School of Engineers ENIS, University of Sfax) ;
  • El Abed, Haikal (Institute for Communications Technology (IfN), Technische Universitat) ;
  • Kherallah, Monji (Research Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM), National School of Engineers ENIS, University of Sfax) ;
  • Alimi, Adel M. (Research Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM), National School of Engineers ENIS, University of Sfax)
  • 투고 : 2013.07.31
  • 심사 : 2013.11.17
  • 발행 : 2014.12.31

초록

In the cursive handwriting recognition process, script trajectory segmentation and modeling represent an important task for large or open lexicon context that becomes more complicated in multi-writer applications. In this paper, we will present a developed system of Arabic online handwriting modeling based on graphemes segmentation and the extraction of its geometric features. The main contribution consists of adapting the Fourier descriptors to model the open trajectory of the segmented graphemes. To segment the trajectory of the handwriting, the system proceeds by first detecting its baseline by checking combined geometric and logic conditions. Then, the detected baseline is used as a topologic reference for the extraction of particular points that delimit the graphemes' trajectories. Each segmented grapheme is then represented by a set of relevant geometric features that include the vector of the Fourier descriptors for trajectory shape modeling, normalized metric parameters that model the grapheme dimensions, its position in respect to the baseline, and codes for the description of its associated diacritics.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. R. Plamondon and S. N. Srihari, "On-line and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive Survey," IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 63-84, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.824821
  2. M. Pechwitz, and V. Margner, "Baseline Estimation For Arabic Handwritten Words," in Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition IWFHR, Ontario, Canada, 2002, pp. 479 - 484.
  3. S. Snoussi Maddouri, F. Bouafif Samoud, K. Bouriel, Noureddine Ellouze, "Baseline extraction: comparison of six methods on IFN/ENIT database," in Proceeding of the International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 2008, pp. 571-576.
  4. C. Olivier, H. Miled, K. Romeo, Y. Lecourtier, "Segmentation and Coding of Arabic Handwritten Words," in Proceeding of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition 13th ICPR, Vienna, Austria, Oct. 1996, pp. 264-268.
  5. E. Persoon and K. S. Fu, Shape "Discrimination using Fourier descriptors," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 388-397, 1986.
  6. M. Kherallah, N. Tagougui, Adel M. Alimi, H. Elabed, V. Margner, "Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition," in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Beijing, China, 2011, pp. 1454-1459.
  7. B. Al-Badr and S. A.Mohmond. "Survey and bibliography of Arabic optical text recognition," Signal Processing, 1995, pp. 49-77.
  8. S. Garcia-Salicetti, B. Dorizzi, P. Gallinari, Z. Wimmer, G. Toussaint, "A hybrid Neural Predictive Model for On-Line Handwriting Recognition," in World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics SCI'97, Caracas, Venezuela, 1997, pp. 316-323.
  9. H. Eraqi and S. Abdelazeem, "An on-line Arabic handwriting recognition system based on a new online graphemes segmentation technique," in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Beijing, China, 2011, pp. 409-413.
  10. R. I. Elanwar, M. A. Rashwan, and S. A. Mashali, "Simultaneous segmentation and recognition of Arabic characters in an unconstrained on-line cursive handwritten document," in Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET), Germany, 2007, pp. 288-291.
  11. A. Elbaati, H. Boubaker, M. Kherallah, H. Elabed, A. Ennaji, and A.M. Alimi, "Arabic handwriting recognition using restored stroke chronology," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, Espagna, 2009, pp. 411-415.
  12. L. Likforman-Sulem, A. Hanimyan, and C. Faure, "A hough based algorithm for extraction text lines in handwritten documents," in Proceedings of the third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 1995, pp. 774-777.
  13. H. Boubaker, A. Elbaati, M. Kherallah, H. Elabed, and A.M. Alimi, "Online Arabic handwriting modeling system based on the graphemes segmentation," in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Istanbul, Turkey, 2010, pp. 2061-2064.
  14. A. Hennig, N. Sherkat, and R.J. Whitrow, "Zone-Estimation for Multiple Lines of Handwriting Using Approximate Spline Functions," in Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Colchester, UK, 1996, pp. 325-328.
  15. Z. Razak, K. Zulkiflee, M. Yamani, and I. Idris, "Off-line handwriting text line segmentation: a review," International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 12-20, Jul. 2008.
  16. M. A. Abuzaraida and A. M. Zeki, "Segmentation techniques for online Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey," in Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on ICT4M, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2010, pp. D37-D40.
  17. S. Izadi, M. Haji, and C. Y. Suen, "A new segmentation algorithm for online handwritten word recognition in persian script," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 2008, pp. 1140-1142.
  18. K. Daifallah, N. Zarka, and H. Jamous, "Recognition-based segmentation algorithm for on-line Arabic handwriting," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, 2009, pp. 877-880.
  19. J. Sternby, J. Morwing, J. Andersson, and C. Friberg, "On-line Arabic handwriting recognition with templates," Pattern Recognition Journal, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 3278-3286, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.12.017
  20. M. Liwicki, A. Graves, H. Bunke, and J. Schmidhuber, "A novel approach to on-line handwriting recognition based on bidirectional long short-term memory networks," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Curitiba, Brazil, 2007, pp. 367-371.
  21. A. Graves, M. Liwicki, S. Fernandez, R. Bertolami, H. Bunke, and J. Schmidhuber, "A novel connectionist system for unconstrained handwriting recognition," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 855-868, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2008.137
  22. M. Liwicki and H. Bunke, "Combining diverse on-line and off-line systems for handwritten text line recognition," Pattern Recognition, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 3254-3263, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.10.030
  23. J. Schenk, J. Lenz, and G. Rigoll, "Novel script line identification method for script normalization and feature extraction in on-line handwritten whiteboard note recognition," Pattern Recognition Journal, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 3383-3393, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.12.015
  24. A. M. Alimi, "Evolutionary neuro-fuzzy approach to recognize on-line Arabic handwriting," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, 1997, pp. 382-386.
  25. N. Mezghani, A. Mitiche, and M. Cheriet, "Bayes classification of online Arabic Characters by Gibbs modeling of class conditional densities," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1121-1131, Jul. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2007.70753
  26. M. Kherallah, L. Haddad, and A. M. Alimi, "On-line handwritten digit recognition based on trajectory and velocity modeling," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 580-594, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2007.11.011
  27. M. Kherallah, F. Bouri, and A. M. Alimi, "On-line Arabic handwriting recognition system based on visual encoding and genetic algorithm," Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 153-170, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2008.05.010
  28. M.Ma, D. W. Park, S. K. Kim, and S. An, "Online recognition of handwritten Korean and English characters," Journal of Information Processing Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 653-668, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.2012.8.4.653
  29. T. Al-Sheikh and S. El-Taweel, "Real-time Arabic handwritten character recognition," Pattern Recognition, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1323-1332, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(90)90078-Y
  30. N. Mezghani, A. Mitiche, and M. Cheriet, "On-line recognition of handwritten Arabic characters using a Kohonen neural network," in Proceeding of the International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Niagara-On-the-Lake, Canada, 2002, pp. 490-495.
  31. N. Mezghani, A. Mitiche, and M. Cheriet, "Combination of pruned Kohonen maps for on-line Arabic characters recognition," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2003, pp. 900-905.
  32. A. M. Alimi, "Evolutionary computation for the recognition of on-line cursive handwriting," IETE Journal of Research, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 385-396, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2002.11416300
  33. H. Boubaker, M. Kherallah, and A. Alimi, "New strategy for the on-line handwriting modelling," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Curitiba, Brazil, 2007, pp. 1233-1247.
  34. R. Plamondon, A. M. Alimi, "Speed/accuracy trade-offs in target-directed movements," Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 279-349, 1997.
  35. H. Boubaker, A. Chaabouni, N. Tagougui, M. Kherallah, and A. M. Alimi "Handwriting and hand drawing velocity modeling by superposing beta impulses and continuous training component," International Journal of Computer Science Issues, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 57-63, 2013.
  36. Ch. C. Tappert, Ch. Y. Suen, and T. Wakahara, "The state of the art in on-line handwriting recognition," IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, no. 8. pp. 787-808, 1990.
  37. H. Boubaker, M. Kherallah, and A. M. Alimi, "New algorithm of straight or curved baseline detection for short Arabic handwriting writing," in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, Espagna, 2009, pp. 778-782.
  38. G. Menier, G. Lorette, and P. Gentric, "A new modeling method for on-line handwriting recognition," in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 1995, pp. 499-503.
  39. M. Cote, M. Cheriet, E. Lecolinet, and C. Y. Suen, "Automatic reading of cursive scripts using human knowledge," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Curitiba, Brazil, 2007, pp. 107-111.
  40. P. Nagabhushan, S. A. Angadi, and B. S. Anami, "Geometric model and projection based algorithms for tilt correction and extraction of acsenders/descenders for cursive word recognition," in Proceeding International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Networking, Chennai, India, 2007, pp. 488-491.
  41. N. Tagougui, M. Kherallah, and A. M. Alimi, "Online Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey," International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 209-226, 2012.
  42. A. Chaabouni, H. Boubaker, M. Kherallah, H. El-Abed, and A. M. Alimi, "Static and dynamic features for writer identification based on multi-fractals," International Arabic Journal on Information Technologies, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 416-424, 2014.
  43. M. Hamdani, H. Elabed, M. Kherallah, and A. M. Alimi. "Combining multiple HMMs using on-line and off-line features for off-line arabic handwriting recognition," in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, Espagna, pp. 201-205, 2009.
  44. Ph. Dreuw, S. Jonas, and H. Ney, "White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Tampa, FL, 2008, pp. 1-4.

피인용 문헌

  1. Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR) vol.50, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1145/3060620