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Impact of Compositions and Concentrations of Fertilizer Solution on Growth of Lettuce and Changes in Chemical Properties of Root Media

관비용액의 비료 조성 및 농도가 상추의 생장과 근권 환경 변화에 미치는 영향

  • Shin, Bo Kyuong (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Son, Jung Eek (Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Jong Myung (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Chungnam National University)
  • 신보경 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 손정익 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 최종명 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과)
  • Received : 2013.05.29
  • Accepted : 2013.07.09
  • Published : 2013.09.30

Abstract

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of compositions and concentrations of fertilizer solution on growth of lettuce as well as changes in chemical properties of root media. To achieve this three kinds of fertilizers such as acidic (AF), neutral (NF), and alkaline fertilizer (BF) were formulated and applied with the concentrations of 100 or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ based on nitrogen concentrations. The growth characteristics were investigated 10 weeks after transplant and the analysis of soil solution for chemical characteristics were conducted in every week. The BF was more effective than AF in crop growth of blue leaf lettuce 10 weeks after transplant and the treatment of BF200 showed the heaviest fresh and dry weights among all treatments tested. The treatment of BF also showed the highest growth followed by those of NF and AF in growth of red leaf lettuce, but the growth in treatments of $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were higher than those of $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the three kinds of fertilizers. The differences among treatments in soil solution pH became larger from week 6. The pH in the treatment of $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was lower than that of $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ when AF was applied, but the treatment of $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ showed higher pH than that of $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in case of BF. The electrical conductivity of soil solution in treatments of $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were 0.2 to 0.4 unit higher than those of $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ when those are measured as $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in three kinds of fertilizers. The $NH_4$ concentrations were higher in the treatments of AF than those of BF, but the concentrations of Ca, Mg and $NO_3$ were vice verse. The concentrations of $PO_4^{-3}$ were the highest in the treatments of AF followed by those of NF and BF when three kinds of fertilizers were applied with equal nitrogen concentrations. The differences of nutrient concentrations in soil solution of root media were influenced by composition of fertigation solution and varied soil solution pH.

비료의 종류 및 농도가 청축면 및 적축면 상추의 생장과 근권부 화학성 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 산성(AF), 중성(NF) 및 알칼리성(BF)의 세 종류 비료 처리용액을 만들고, 각각 질소 기준 100 또는 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 농도를 조절하여 시비하면서 근권부 화학성 변화와 식물생장에 미치는 영향을 밝혔다. 청축면 상추의 정식 10주 후 생장에서 AF를 시비한 처리보다 BF를 시비한 처리의 생체중과 건물중이 무거웠고, BF를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 시비한 처리의 생장이 가장 우수하였다. 적축면 상추도 BF 시비구의 생장이 가장 우수하였고, NF 및 AF 순으로 저조해지는 경향이었으며 각각의 비료를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 시비한 처리들보다 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 시비한 처리들의 생장이 우수하였다. 토양 pH는 정식 6주 후부터 처리간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이기 시작하였다. 정식 10주 후 농도를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 조절한 처리가 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리보다 AF 시비구는 pH가 더욱 낮았고 BF 시비구는 더욱 높게 측정되었다. 두 종류의 상추를 재배하면서 세종류 비료의 농도를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 조절한 처리들의 EC가 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$보다 약 $0.2{\sim}0.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 더 높았다. 산성비료를 시비한 처리들은 토양용액의 $NH_4-N$ 농도가 높았고, 알칼리 비료를 시비한 처리들은 Ca과 Mg 농도가 높았다. AF 시비구에 비해 BF 시비구의 토양 $NO_3-N$ 농도가 높았으며, $PO_4^{-3}$ 농도는 AF, NF 및 BF 시비구 순으로 농도가 낮아지는 경향이었다. 토양용액의 무기이온 농도에서 차이가 발생하는 것은 비료의 조성과 근권부 pH 변화에 기인한 결과라고 판단하였다.

Keywords

References

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